< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pekʷ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*pekʷ- (imperfective)[1][2][3]

  1. to cook
  2. to ripen

Reconstruction

It has been suggested[4][5] that Hittite and Lydian terms which point to a root *pekʷ- (“to pound, crush, crack (grain)”) may preserve the original meaning of the PIE root, which later shifted in meaning to “to prepare food, cook” by the ancestor of the non-Anatolian branches.

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pekʷ-‎ (35 c, 0 e)
  • *pékʷ-e-ti (root present)[6][7][8][9][10][11]
  • *pékʷ-ye-ti (full-grade ye-present)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *péťťō (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páčyatay
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páćyatay
        • Sanskrit: पच्यते (pácyate)
  • *pékʷ-mn̥ ~ *pkʷ-mén-
    • Proto-Hellenic: *pékʷmə
  • *pékʷ-tis ~ *pkʷ-téy-[12]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *péktis (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *pékʷtis
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pákti ~ *paktí
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pákti ~ *paktí
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷektjō
  • *pékʷ-tōr ~ *pkʷ-trés (“one who cooks”)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: πέπτρια (péptria, “female baker”) (< *pékʷ-trih₂)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paktā́
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷektōr
  • *pókʷ-o-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *pókʷos
      • Ancient Greek: ἀρτοκόπος (artokópos)
      • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀀𐀵𐀡𐀦 (a-to-po-qo /⁠artopókʷos⁠/)
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷokʷos
      • Latin: coquus (see there for further descendants)
  • *pokʷ-tó-s[13]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paktas (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *kʷoxtos (see there for further descendants)
    • (perhaps) Proto-Hellenic: *pekʷtós
      • Ancient Greek: πεπτός (peptós)
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷoktos
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páktas
      • Proto-Iranian: *páktah
        • Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬗𐬙𐬀 (pacta)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • >? Proto-Anatolian: *pekʷ-[5][4]
      • Hittite:
        • ⇒ Hittite: 𒉺𒀝𒆪𒍑𒃷𒍣 (pa-ak-ku-uš-kán-zi, “pound, crack, crush, grind”, impf.3pl.pres.act.)[14]
        • ⇒ Hittite: 𒉺𒀝𒋗𒉿𒀭 (pa-ak-šu-wa-an /⁠pak(kuš)šuu̯ant-⁠/, “cracked (of grain)”)[14]
        • ⇒ Hittite: 𒉺𒀝𒆪𒍑𒋗𒅈 n (pa-ak-ku-uš-šu-ar /⁠pakkušš(u)u̯ar⁠/, “wooden implement for crushing cereals”)[14]
      • ⇒ Lydian: 𐤥𐤹𐤡𐤠𐤲𐤶𐤫𐤯 (wcpaqẽnt, “tramples upon”, 3sg.pres.ind.act.)
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: पक्व (pakva) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1.*peku̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 798
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*peku̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 468
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πέσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1180-1181
  4. Janda, Michael (2000) Eleusis: Das indogermanische Erbe der Mysterien (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; Hauptreihe, 96), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, pages 49–51
  5. Sasseville, David, Rieken, Elisabeth, Steer, Thomas (2017–) “*peku̯-”, in Olav Hackstein, Jared L. Miller & Elisabeth Rieken, editors, Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of the Minor Ancient Anatolian Corpus Languages (eDiAna)‎, München & Marburg
  6. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “pjek”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 329
  7. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pektì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 393
  8. Derksen, Rick (2015) “kepti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 237-238
  9. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kʷokʷ-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page page180
  10. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*pač”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 286-287
  11. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “coquō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 134
  12. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pȇktь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 393
  13. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pȏtъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 415
  14. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “pakkušš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 618–619
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