Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/puH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*puH-[1][2][3]

rotten, foul

Usage notes

The root apparently did not ablaut, and occurs almost only in zero grade in the descendants.

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *puH-‎ (10 c, 0 e)

*púH-e-ti (root present)[4]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: pũt (with ste-present)
  - Lithuanian: pū́ti (with ne-present)
*púH-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *púHyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *púHyati
    - Sanskrit: पूयति (pū́yati)
  - Proto-Iranian: *púHyati
    - Avestan: 𐬞𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬙𐬌 (puiieti)
*powH-éye-ti (causative)[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *fawjaną (see there for further descendants)
*púH-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁-present)[6]
- Proto-Hellenic: *pū́tʰomai
  - Ancient Greek: πῡ́θομαι (pū́thomai)
*puH-lo-s[7]
- Proto-Germanic: *fūlaz (see there for further descendants)
*pewH-l-o-s[8]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: praûls
  - Lithuanian: piaũlas
*pewH-l-yo-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: piaulaĩ
*puH-l-yo-s[9]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: pūlis
  - Lithuanian: pū́liai
*puH-ō[10]
- Proto-Germanic: *fūô
  - Old Norse: fúi
    - Faroese: fúgvi
*púH-o-
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: πῦον (pûon), πῡός (pūós)
    - Greek: πύον (pýon), πύο (pýo)
*púH-o-s[11][12][13]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: puvesis
  - Lithuanian: puvė̃sis
- Proto-Hellenic: *pū́os
  - Ancient Greek: πῡ́ος (pū́os)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *púHas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *púHas
    - Sanskrit: पुवस् (púvas)
- Proto-Italic: *puos
  - Latin: pūs (see there for further descendants)
*puH-nó-s
- Proto-Germanic: *fūanaz
  - Old Norse: fúinn
*puH-tó-s[13]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *puHtás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *puHtás
    - Sanskrit: पूत (pūtá)
  - Proto-Iranian: *puHtáh
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (pwtk /⁠pūdag⁠/)
- Proto-Italic: *pūtēō (< *pūtos)
  - Latin: pūteō
*púH-ti-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *púHtiš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *púHtiṣ
    - Sanskrit: पूति (pū́ti)
  - Proto-Iranian: *púHtiš
    - Avestan: 𐬞𐬏𐬌𐬙𐬌 (pūⁱti)
    - Middle Persian: pwtk' (pūdag)
      - Persian: پود (pud), پوده (pude)
    - → Old Armenian: փուտ (pʻut)
Unsorted formations:
- Albanian:
  - Proto-Albanian: *putso
    - Albanian: + -rr
      - Albanian: puçërr
  - Proto-Albanian: *spHul
    - Albanian: fëlliq

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2.pū̆-: peu̯ə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 848-849
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*peu̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 480-481
Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*pauH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 302-303
Derksen, Rick (2015) “pūti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 374
Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*faujan 1-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 132
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πύθομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1255-1256
Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fūla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158
Derksen, Rick (2015) “pjaulas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 360
Derksen, Rick (2015) “pūliai”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 372
Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fūan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 157
Derksen, Rick (2015) “puvėsis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 374
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πύος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1259-1260
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pūs, pūris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 501

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[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2.pū̆-: peu̯ə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 848-849

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*peu̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 480-481

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*pauH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 302-303

[4] Derksen, Rick (2015) “pūti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 374

[5] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*faujan 1-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 132

[6] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πύθομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1255-1256

[7] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fūla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158

[8] Derksen, Rick (2015) “pjaulas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 360

[9] Derksen, Rick (2015) “pūliai”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 372

[10] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fūan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 157

[11] Derksen, Rick (2015) “puvėsis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 374

[12] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πύος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1259-1260

[DV-13] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pūs, pūris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 501