Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/keh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*kā-[1]

Root

*keh₂-[2]

to desire, wish

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂-‎ (31 c, 0 e)

*kéh₂-ye- (ye-present)[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaHya-
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaHya-
    - Sanskrit: कायमान (kā́yamāna)
  - Proto-Iranian: *kaHya-
    - Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁 (kaiiā)
    - ⇒ Iranian: *kaHta- (lexicalized perfect participle)[3]
      - Avestan: -𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀- (-kāta-)
      - ⇒ Iranian: *kaHta-ka-[3]
        (perhaps) Middle Persian: [script needed] (kʾtk' /⁠kādag⁠/) (see there for further descendants)
        
        Parthian: [script needed] (ʾʾgʾdg /⁠āɣādaɣ⁠/)
        
        → Tajik: кота (kota)
        → Shughni: кота̄ (kōtā)
(perhaps) *ke-n-h₂- (nasal-infix present,[4] if not an unrelated root *kenH- (“to be pleased, enjoy”)[5])
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kanH- (see there for further descendants)
*ke-kóh₂-e ~ *ke-kh₂-ḗr (perfect)[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakáy
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakáy
    - Sanskrit: चके (caké)
  - Proto-Iranian: *čakáy
    - Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱 (cakuš)
*kéh₂-ro-[2]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: kārs, kāruôt[6]
  - >? Proto-Slavic: *kury (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Celtic: *kareti (deadjectival < *kh₂r-ó-)[7]
  - Brythonic:
    - Cornish: care
    - Middle Breton: caret
      - Breton: karout
    - Welsh: caru
  - Continental:
    - Celtiberian: Kara-
    - Gaulish: Caro-, -carus
  - Goidelic:
    - Old Irish: caraid, ·cara, carae
      - Irish: car, cara
- ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *karants (deadjectival < *kh₂r-énts)[8] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *hōraz, *hōrǭ, *hōrą (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *kāros[9] (see there for further descendants)
*kóh₂-mo-[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *káHmas m (“wish, desire”) (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
  - (perhaps) Ancient Greek: κῶμος (kômos)
Unsorted formations:
- Indo-Iranian:
  - >? Sanskrit: चारु (cāru, “loved, beloved”)
    - → Telugu: చారువు (cāruvu)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 515, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 515
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 343
Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 383–384
Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 233–234
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), chapter 352, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
Derksen, Rick (2015) “kārs”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 538
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kar-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 191
Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*karant-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 190
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 95-96

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[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 515, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 515

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 343

[ESIJa-3] Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 383–384

[4] Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 233–234

[5] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), chapter 352, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[6] Derksen, Rick (2015) “kārs”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 538

[7] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kar-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 191

[8] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*karant-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 190

[9] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 95-96