< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ew

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Adverb

*h₂ew[1][2][3][4][5]

  1. away from, off
  2. again

Derived terms
  • *h₂ew-o-[3]
    • Proto-Celtic: *aw
      • Old Irish: ó, úa (“from, since”)[5]
        • Irish: ó
        • Scottish Gaelic: bho
    • Proto-Albanian: *awa-
      • Albanian: v-
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háwa (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂ew-ti-[3]
    • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Italic: *auti
      • Latin: aut, autem
      • Oscan: 𐌀𐌅𐌕 (avt), 𐌀𐌖𐌕 (aut)
      • Umbrian: 𐌖𐌕𐌄 (ute), 𐌏𐌕𐌄 (ote)
  • *h₂ew-to-[2]
  • *h₂ew-tyo-[6]
    • Proto-Germanic: *auþijaz (“empty”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: αὔσιος (aúsios, “idle”)
    • (perhaps) Proto-Italic: *autiom
  • *h₂u-nye/o-

Descendants
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *au[4]
    • Old Prussian: au- (“out of”)
    • Latvian: au- (“out of”)
    • Lithuanian: au- (“out of”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *u (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *aw[5]
    • Welsh: o (“of”), hou (“of”)
    • Old Irish: o (“of”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *auk (“also, furthermore”) (combined with PIE *ge) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: αὖ (aû)[2]
      • ⇒ Ancient Greek: αὖτε (aûte, “again, on the other hand, on the contrary”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hu (zero-grade)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hu
      • Sanskrit: उ (u)
  • Proto-Italic:

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 73
  2. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “αὖ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 167
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “aut”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64
  4. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*u”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 506
  5. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*aw”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 46
  6. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “auþja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 43
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