< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷih₃wós
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *gʷih₃wós | *gʷih₃wéh₂ | |
| genitive | *gʷih₃wósyo | *gʷih₃wéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷih₃wós | *gʷih₃wóh₁ | *gʷih₃wóes |
| vocative | *gʷih₃wé | *gʷih₃wóh₁ | *gʷih₃wóes |
| accusative | *gʷih₃wóm | *gʷih₃wóh₁ | *gʷih₃wóms |
| genitive | *gʷih₃wósyo | *? | *gʷih₃wóHom |
| ablative | *gʷih₃wéad | *? | *gʷih₃wómos |
| dative | *gʷih₃wóey | *? | *gʷih₃wómos |
| locative | *gʷih₃wéy, *gʷih₃wóy | *? | *gʷih₃wóysu |
| instrumental | *gʷih₃wóh₁ | *? | *gʷih₃wṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷih₃wéh₂ | *gʷih₃wéh₂h₁(e) | *gʷih₃wéh₂es |
| vocative | *gʷih₃wéh₂ | *gʷih₃wéh₂h₁(e) | *gʷih₃wéh₂es |
| accusative | *gʷih₃wā́m | *gʷih₃wéh₂h₁(e) | *gʷih₃wéh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *gʷih₃wéh₂s | *? | *gʷih₃wéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *gʷih₃wéh₂s | *? | *gʷih₃wéh₂mos |
| dative | *gʷih₃wéh₂ey | *? | *gʷih₃wéh₂mos |
| locative | *gʷih₃wéh₂, *gʷih₃wéh₂i | *? | *gʷih₃wéh₂su |
| instrumental | *gʷih₃wéh₂h₁ | *? | *gʷih₃wéh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *gʷih₃wóm | *gʷih₃wóy(h₁) | *gʷih₃wéh₂ |
| vocative | *gʷih₃wóm | *gʷih₃wóy(h₁) | *gʷih₃wéh₂ |
| accusative | *gʷih₃wóm | *gʷih₃wóy(h₁) | *gʷih₃wéh₂ |
| genitive | *gʷih₃wósyo | *? | *gʷih₃wóHom |
| ablative | *gʷih₃wéad | *? | *gʷih₃wómos |
| dative | *gʷih₃wóey | *? | *gʷih₃wómos |
| locative | *gʷih₃wéy, *gʷih₃wóy | *? | *gʷih₃wóysu |
| instrumental | *gʷih₃wóh₁ | *? | *gʷih₃wṓys |
Derived terms
- *gʷíh₃w-e-ti
- *gʷyéh₃w-o-
- Proto-Hellenic: *ďōwós
- Ancient Greek: ζωός (zōós)
- Proto-Hellenic: *ďōwós
- *gʷyéh₃w-yo-
- Proto-Hellenic: *ďṓyyon (see there for further descendants)
- *gʷih₃wo-to-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwatas
- Lithuanian: gyvatà
- Old Prussian: giwato
- Proto-Slavic: *životъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *biyatom (“food”)[2] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷīwotos
- Ancient Greek: βίοτος (bíotos), βιοτή (biotḗ)
- Proto-Italic: *gʷītā (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: जीवित (jīvitá) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊 (gaiio, “life”) (acc. 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬎𐬨 (jiiātum))
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwatas
- *gʷih₃wo-tuh₂t-s
- *sēmi-gʷih₃wó-
Antonyms
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwás (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *biwos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *kwiwaz, *kwikwaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *gʷīwos
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰiHwás (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *gʷīwos (see there for further descendants)
- Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: śāw-, śāy-
References
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bēto-, *biyato-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 64
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 467
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