< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰeh₁bʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰebʰ-

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Root

*gʰeh₁bʰ- or *ǵʰeh₁bʰ-[4][5]

  1. to grab, take

Reconstruction notes

The surface ablaut a ~ ē is somewhat unusual, but Italo-Celtic *a can result from “syllabic” *H̥, thus *h₁ ~ *eh₁ appears to be the best match. The instances of full-grade ē may be analogical, however, so the laryngeal cannot be reconstructed with certainty.[5] Zero grades shown below use *h̥₁, but note that the existence of syllabic laryngeals in synchronic PIE is disputed.
See *gʰebʰ-, which is often taken to be the same root, for more possible descendants; see Schrijver's arguments for a rejection of this.[4]

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰeh₁bʰ-‎ (13 c, 0 e)
  • *gʰéh₁bʰ- ~ *gʰh̥₁bʰ- (aorist)
    • Proto-Italic: *hēpai
      • Oscan:
        hipid (3.sg.perf.subj.), hipust (3.sg.fut.perf.)
        pruhipid (3.sg.perf.subj.), pruhipust (“to prevent”, 3.sg.fut.perf.)
  • *gʰh̥₁bʰ-éh₁ye-ti (*-éh₁ye-stative)
    • Proto-Italic: *habēō or *haβēō
      • Latin: habeō (see there for further descendants)
      • Umbrian:
        𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌉𐌀 (habia, 3.sg.pres.subj.), 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌄𐌕𐌖 (habetu), habitu (3.sg.ipv.II), 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌄𐌕𐌖𐌕𐌖 (habetutu), habituto (3.pl.ipv.II), habiest (3.sg.fut.), habus (3.sg.fut.perf.). habuerent (3.pl.fut.perf.), 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌄 (habe), habe (“to have, hold”, 3.sg.pr.act/pass.)
        (+ negation and ař-) 𐌍𐌄𐌉𐌛𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌀𐌔 (neiřhabas, pres.subj.)
        (+ pre-) 𐌐𐌓𐌄𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌉𐌀 (prehabia), 𐌐𐌓𐌄𐌇𐌖𐌁𐌉𐌀 (prehubia, “to furnish, achieve”, 3.sg.pres.subj.)
        (suffixless imperatives) 𐌇𐌀𐌇𐌕𐌖 (hahtu), 𐌇𐌀𐌕𐌖 (hatu), hatu (3.sg.ipv.II), 𐌇𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌕𐌖 (hatutu), hatuto (“to grab”, 3.pl.ipv.II)
  • *gʰh̥₁bʰ-yé-ti (*-yé-present)
    • Proto-Celtic: *gabyeti
      • Proto-Brythonic: *gabal-
        • Old Breton: gabael
        • Old Cornish: gauael
        • Old Welsh: ad-gabael
          • Middle Welsh: caffael, keiff (3.sg.pres.), cauas (pret.)
      • Continental:
        • Celtiberian: gabizeti (3.sg)
        • Gaulish: gabi (2.sg.impv.), Gabiae
      • Goidelic:
    • Proto-Italic: *habiō or *haβiō
      • Oscan: haieist (3.sg.fut.)
  • *gʰh̥₁bʰ-leh₂
    • Proto-Celtic: *gablā (“fork”) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “ghabh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 407–409
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*⁽g̑⁾ʰeHb-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 195–196
  3. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gab-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 148–149
  4. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, § 1.4.1.1. Material, pages 92–93, s.v. “habēre”
  5. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “habeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 277–278
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