< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʰel-[1]

  1. to call
  2. to chant
  3. to shout

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰel-‎ (13 c, 0 e)
  • *gʰol-éye-ti (causative)[1]
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *galiti (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʰól-e-ti (o-grade intensive)[1]
    • Proto-Germanic: *galaną (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galdraz (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *galstrą
        • Old High German: galstar
          • Middle High German: galster
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlaz
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gōlijaną (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *uzgōlaz
  • *gʰl̥-néh₂-ti (néh₂-present)
    • Proto-Albanian: *galda
    • Proto-Germanic: *gullōną (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʰel-n- (possible back-formed from *gʰl̥-néh₂-ti)[1]
    • Proto-Germanic: *gellaną (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʰel-gʰel-[1]
    • Armenian:
    • Hittite: [script needed] (galgal-ināi-, “to make a musical sound”)
  • *gʰōl-i-[1]
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *galьnъ (“cared for, pet”)
        • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *galьba (“caress”)
  • Unsorted formations:

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*galan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164: “*gʰel-”
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