< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵh₂lōws
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Possibly from *ǵh₂l- (“to nourish”); compare Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”), Hittite [script needed] (galak-, “to soothe”). According to Mallory and Adams (1997), some forms may be influenced by association with unrelated *gl̥h₁éys (“mouse”). Has sometimes been compared with Proto-Turkic *kẹlin and/or Proto-Uralic *kälew.
Alternative reconstructions
- *ǵl̥h₃-wos-
- *ǵl̥h₂óws
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *ǵh₂lṓws | ||
| genitive | *ǵh₂lowsés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *ǵh₂lṓws | *ǵh₂lṓwsh₁(e) | *ǵh₂lṓwses |
| vocative | *ǵh₂lṓws | *ǵh₂lṓwsh₁(e) | *ǵh₂lṓwses |
| accusative | *ǵh₂lṓwsm̥ | *ǵh₂lṓwsh₁(e) | *ǵh₂lṓwsm̥s |
| genitive | *ǵh₂lowsés | *? | *ǵh₂lowsóHom |
| ablative | *ǵh₂lowsés | *? | *ǵh₂lowsmós |
| dative | *ǵh₂lowséy | *? | *ǵh₂lowsmós |
| locative | *ǵh₂lóws, *ǵh₂lówsi | *? | *ǵh₂lowsú |
| instrumental | *ǵh₂lowséh₁ | *? | *ǵh₂lowsmís |
Descendants
- Armenian: *cal > *tal (under influence of տայգր (taygr, “brother-in-law”))
- Old Armenian: տալ (tal)
- Proto-Germanic: *klūz
- Proto-Hellenic: *galawos
- Ancient Greek:
- Aeolic: γάλοως (gáloōs)
- Attic: γάλως (gálōs)
- Hesychius: γαλίς (galís)
- Hesychius: γάλαος (gálaos)
- Phrygian: *γελαϝος (*gelawos) > γελαρος (gelaros)
- Ancient Greek:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háyš
- Sanskrit: गिरि (giri, “brother's wife”)
- Proto-Italic: *glōs
- Latin: glōs
- Proto-Slavic: *zъly (see there for further descendants)
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 551
- γάλως in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- “käli”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 521
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*gẹlin”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “золо́вка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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