< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵews-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ǵews-[1][2][3][4][5]

  1. to taste, try

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵews-‎ (38 c, 0 e)
  • *ǵéws-e-ti (thematic root present)[6]
  • *ǵows-éye-ti (éye-causative)[2]
    • Proto-Germanic: *kauzijaną (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́awšáyati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́awṣáyati
        • Sanskrit: जोषयते (joṣáyate, 3sg.med.)
  • *ǵus-é-tor (mediopassive)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ušátay
  • *ǵu-ǵéws-ti ~ *ǵú-ǵus-nti (reduplicated athematic present)[2][6]
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: [script needed] (kukušzi, “to taste”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uȷ́áwštay
      • Proto-Iranian: *jujáwštay
        • Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬰𐬏𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬈 (āzūzušte, 3sg.pres.med.)
  • *ǵu-ǵóws-e ~ *ǵú-ǵus-ḗr (zero-grade reduplicated stative)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uȷ́áwša
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uȷ́áwṣa
        • Sanskrit: जुजोष (jujóṣa)
  • *ǵéws-o-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́áwšas
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́áwṣas
        • Sanskrit: जोष (jóṣa)
      • Proto-Iranian: *jáwšah
        • Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (zaoša)
        • Parthian: 𐫉𐫇𐫢 (zwš, “love”)
  • *ǵéws-ti-s ~ *ǵus-téy-s[7]
    • Proto-Germanic: *kustiz (“trial”)[7] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́úštiš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́úṣtiṣ
        • Sanskrit: जुष्टि (júṣṭi)
  • *ǵéws-tu-s ~ *ǵus-téw-s[8]
  • *ǵus-tó-s
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: γευστός (geustós) (with leveling)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uštás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uṣṭás
      • Proto-Iranian: *juštáh
        • Avestan: 𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬀 (zušta)
        • Old Persian: 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /⁠dauštā⁠/, “friend”)
  • *ǵows-teh2
    • Proto-Celtic gowsta:[9]
      • Old Irish gúas "danger, possibility"
        • Old Irish gúasacht [ā f] ‘danger’ perhaps attested in Ogam as Gen. sg. GOSSUCTTIAS

References
  1. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*g̑eu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 166-167
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 399
  4. Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 255
  5. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  6. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*keusan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 286
  7. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kusti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 313
  8. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kustu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 313
  9. Addenda et corrigenda to Ranko Matasović’s Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Brill, Leiden 2009) p. 18. Zagreb, December 2011. https://mudrac.ffzg.hr/~rmatasov/EDPC-Addenda%20et%20corrigenda.pdf
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