< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰreh₁d-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms
  • *ǵʰleh₂d- (found at least in Old Irish ad·gládathar and Ancient Greek κέχλᾱδα (kékhlāda))

Root

*ǵʰreh₁d-[1][2]

  1. to sound

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰreh₁d-‎ (1 c, 0 e)
  • *ǵʰreh₁d-ti (root present)[1][2]
    • Celtic:
      • Middle Welsh: griddfan
        • Welsh: griddfan (“to groan”)
  • *ǵʰréh₁d-e-ti (thematic present)[1][2]
    • Proto-Germanic: *grētaną (“to weep, cry”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰráHdati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰráHdati
      • Proto-Iranian: *jráHdati
        • >? Avestan: 𐬰𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀 (zrāda, “chainmail”)
  • *ǵʰroh₁d-éye-ti (causative)[2]
    • Celtic:
    • Proto-Germanic: *grōtijaną (“to cause to weep, scold, address”) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: κέχλαδα (kékhlada, “to sound, sing aloud”)
  • Proto-Tocharian:

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*grētan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 187-188: “*ǵʰreh₁d-”
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ĝʰreh₁d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 202
  3. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “krāt-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 230
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