Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ubanē

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ub +‎ *-anē.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈu.βɑ.neː/

Adverb

*ubanē

from above

Related terms

Descendants

Because of the irregular forms between some of the directional adverbs and preposition, *ub- and *upp-, some of the daughter languages show leveling. Gothic shows an otherwise unknown full-grade *eup- leveled throughout the adverbs.[1]

Proto-West Germanic: *obanā
- Old English: ufan, ufane
  - Middle English: uven
- Old Frisian: ova, with -pp- uppa, oppa (also uppe, oppe, but these might be from *uppai instead)
- Old Saxon: ovan, ovana, with -pp- uppan
- Old Dutch: uppan (with -pp-)
- Old High German: obana, ūfana, *ovana
  - Middle High German: oben, obene, *oven
    - Alemannic German: obe
      - Swabian: oba
    - Bavarian: obn, om, oum, uom
    - German: oben
    - Luxembourgish: uewen
    - Central Franconian:
      - Hunsrik: owe
    - Rhine Franconian: owen, owe, uwe
      - Pennsylvania German: owwe
    - Vilamovian: uwa
    - Yiddish: אויבן (oybn)
Old Norse: ofan
- Icelandic: ofan
- Faroese: oman
- Norwegian Nynorsk: ovan
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: ova-
- Old Swedish: ovan
  - Swedish: ovan
- Danish: oven
  - Norwegian Bokmål: oven

References

Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN

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[1] Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN