Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sundaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swent- (“strong, vigorous, active, healthy”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsun.dɑz/

Adjective

*sundaz

healthy

Inflection

Declension of *sundaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*sundaz	*sundai	*sundō	*sundôz	*sundą, -atō	*sundō
Accusative	*sundanǭ	*sundanz	*sundǭ	*sundōz	*sundą, -atō	*sundō
Genitive	*sundas, -is	*sundaizǫ̂	*sundaizōz	*sundaizǫ̂	*sundas, -is	*sundaizǫ̂
Dative	*sundammai	*sundaimaz	*sundaizōi	*sundaimaz	*sundammai	*sundaimaz
Instrumental	*sundanō	*sundaimiz	*sundaizō	*sundaimiz	*sundanō	*sundaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*sundô	*sundaniz	*sundǭ	*sundōniz	*sundô	*sundōnō
Accusative	*sundanų	*sundanunz	*sundōnų	*sundōnunz	*sundô	*sundōnō
Genitive	*sundiniz	*sundanǫ̂	*sundōniz	*sundōnǫ̂	*sundiniz	*sundanǫ̂
Dative	*sundini	*sundammaz	*sundōni	*sundōmaz	*sundini	*sundammaz
Instrumental	*sundinē	*sundammiz	*sundōnē	*sundōmiz	*sundinē	*sundammiz

Related terms

*swinþaz, *swinþijaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sund
- Old English: *sund (with various prefixes)
  - Middle English: sund, sound
    - English: sound
    - Scots: sound, soun
- Old Frisian: sund
  - North Frisian: suwn
  - Saterland Frisian: suund
  - West Frisian: sûnd, sûn
- Old Saxon: *sund
  - Middle Low German: sunt
    - Low German: sund
    - → Danish: sund
      - → Faroese: sunnur
    - → Swedish: sund
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: sunn
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: sunn
- Old Dutch: *sund
  - Middle Dutch: sunt, sont
    - Dutch: zond
- Old High German: sunt
  - Middle High German: sunt
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gasund
  - Old English: ġesund
    - Middle English: ȝesund, isund, izound; sund, sound
      - English: sound
      - Scots: sound, soun
  - Old Frisian:
    - Saterland Frisian: gesuund
  - Old Saxon: gisund
    - Low German: gesund
  - Old Dutch: gisunt
    - Middle Dutch: gesont
      - Dutch: gezond
        Afrikaans: gesond
        Jersey Dutch: xjezónd
        Negerhollands: gesond, gesont
        → Sranan Tongo: gesontu
        → Aukan: gusontu
        → Caribbean Javanese: kheson
  - Old High German: gisunt
    - Middle High German: gesunt
      - Bavarian: gsund
        Cimbrian: gazùnt, gesunt
      - Central Franconian: gesond, jesond, jesonk
      - German: gesund
      - Hunsrik: gesund
      - Luxembourgish: gesond
      - Yiddish: געזונט (gezunt)

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