Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stukkiją

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to shock, butt, impact”). The geminate -kk- is assumed based on *stukkaz (“stick”) (whence Old English stocc, Old Norse stokkr). However, if an etymological connection does not exist, then the form *stukją is also possible, in which case the geminate might have arisen in North and West Germanic due to the following -j- (see w:West Germanic gemination).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstuk.ki.jɑ̃/

Noun

*stukkiją n

stump
Synonyms: *stukkaz, *stumpaz
piece
Synonyms: *bitô, *braudą, *buttaz, *skarbaz, *skraudō, *snidaz, *speldą

Inflection

neuter ja-stemDeclension of *stukkiją (neuter ja-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*stukkiją	*stukkijō
vocative	*stukkiją	*stukkijō
accusative	*stukkiją	*stukkijō
genitive	stukkijas, stukkīs	*stukkijǫ̂
dative	*stukkijai	*stukkijamaz
instrumental	*stukkijō	*stukkijamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *stukkī
- Old English: styċċe, stiċċe
  - Middle English: stucche, stecche, stech, steche, sticche, stitche, stuche
- Old Frisian: stekk
  - Saterland Frisian: Stuk
  - West Frisian: stik
- Old Saxon: stukki
  - Middle Low German: stücke
    - German Low German: Stück
    - Plautdietsch: Stekj
- Old Dutch: *stukki, *stikki, -stic (in toponyms)
  - Middle Dutch: stucke, stuc, sticke, stic
    - Dutch: stuk, stik (in compounds)
    - West Flemish: stik
    - → Middle English: stic
      - English: stick, steck
      - Scots: stick, steck
- Old High German: stucki, stukki, stucchi, stuhhi
  - Middle High German: stucke, stück, stuck
    - Alemannic German: Stuck, Stucke, Stucki, Stück, Stücke, Stücki
    - Bavarian: Stuck, Stick (latter influenced by diminutive and/or Standard German)
    - Central Franconian: Stöck, Steck
      - Luxembourgish: Stéck
    - East Central German:
      - Upper Saxon German: Stigg, Stigge
    - German: Stück
    - Yiddish: שטיק (shtik)
      - → English: shtick
    - → Old Polish: sztuka
      - Masurian: stuka
      - Polish: sztuka
        → Russian: шту́ка (štúka)
      - Silesian: sztuka
  - → Italian: stucco
    - → English: stucco
    - → Spanish: estuco
    - → French: stuc
      - → Portuguese: estuque
    - → German: Stuck
Old Norse: stykki
- Icelandic: stykki
- Faroese: stykki
- Norwegian Bokmål: stykke
- Norwegian Nynorsk: stykke
- Old Swedish: stykke
  - Swedish: stycke
- Danish: stykke
- Scanian: stikke

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