< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrīmô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

According to Kroonen, the nominative stem originally had a root-final -f, which was lost before the m of the mn-stem endings. This in turn stems from an older root-final -p. In the oblique stems, however, the m was lost instead, making the resulting -pn- cluster vulnerable to Kluge's law, which transformed it into a geminate -pp-. This geminate was then shortened due to a heavy long-vowel syllable preceding it.

Pokorny derived this from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to streak; graze; touch”).[1] Kroonen instead reconstructs a root *kreyp-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxriːmɔːː/

Noun

*hrīmô m[2]

  1. frost, hoarfrost, rime
    Synonym: *frustaz
  2. soot
    Synonym: *sōtą

Inflection

According to Kroonen, this was an irregular mn-stem noun, displaying apparent consonant alternation between m in the nominative stem and p in oblique stems.

masculine an-stemDeclension of *hrīmô (masculine an-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hrīmô *hrīmaniz
vocative *hrīmô *hrīmaniz
accusative *hrīmanų *hrīpunz
genitive *hrīpaz *hrīpǫ̂
dative *hrīmini *hrīmummaz
instrumental *hrīpē *hrīmummiz

Descendants

From nominative stem hrīm-:

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hrīm
    • Old English: hrīm
    • Old Frisian: *hrīm (in derivatives: hrīmich, hrīmech)
    • Old Dutch: *rīm
    • Old High German: *hrīm, *rīm
      • Middle High German: rīm
        • Bavarian: Reim, Rein (Tyrol)
        • ⇒ Middle High German: rīmelen, rīmeln (“to be covered with rime”)
    • → Old French: frime; frimas
  • Old Norse: hrím n

From oblique stem hrīp-:

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hrīpō
  • →? Proto-Finnic: *riip-
    • ⇒ Proto-Finnic: *riittädäk (< *riip-tä-?)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1619, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1619
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “hrīman- ~ hrīpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 247
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