< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamfaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Possibly, via an earlier sense “bent (out of shape), crooked”, from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to bend, curve”, but the reconstruction is disputed:
- *kámpos (“bent, curved”), whence perhaps also Latin campus (“field”) and Proto-Slavic *kǫpъ ~ *kǫpa (“hill, island ~ clump, thicket; tassel”),[1] apparently extended in *-p- from a root *kam-: compare Latin camur (“curved, bent, crooked”), Sanskrit क्मरति (kmárati, “to be curved”) (< *kam-er-);
- *kómpos (id.), from a root *kemp-: compare Latvian kùmpt (“to be(come) bent”), Lithuanian kum̃pas (“curved”), Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked, bent, curved”) and possibly Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to turn back, retreat”).[2][3]
In either case, considered cognate with Lithuanian kam̃pas (“corner”), Ancient Greek κάμπτω (kámptō, “to bend, bow, curve”) and Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “bend”). Derksen, maintaining the former etymology,[4] supposes the u-vocalism of Lithuanian kum̃p- is secondary.[5]
Inflection
Declension of *hamfaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hamfaz | *hamfai | *hamfō | *hamfôz | *hamfą, -atō | *hamfō |
| Accusative | *hamfanǭ | *hamfanz | *hamfǭ | *hamfōz | *hamfą, -atō | *hamfō |
| Genitive | *hamfas, -is | *hamfaizǫ̂ | *hamfaizōz | *hamfaizǫ̂ | *hamfas, -is | *hamfaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hamfammai | *hamfaimaz | *hamfaizōi | *hamfaimaz | *hamfammai | *hamfaimaz |
| Instrumental | *hamfanō | *hamfaimiz | *hamfaizō | *hamfaimiz | *hamfanō | *hamfaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hamfô | *hamfaniz | *hamfǭ | *hamfōniz | *hamfô | *hamfōnō |
| Accusative | *hamfanų | *hamfanunz | *hamfōnų | *hamfōnunz | *hamfô | *hamfōnō |
| Genitive | *hamfiniz | *hamfanǫ̂ | *hamfōniz | *hamfōnǫ̂ | *hamfiniz | *hamfanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hamfini | *hamfammaz | *hamfōni | *hamfōmaz | *hamfini | *hamfammaz |
| Instrumental | *hamfinē | *hamfammiz | *hamfōnē | *hamfōmiz | *hamfinē | *hamfammiz |
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xamfaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 158
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hamfa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 207
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hupp/bōn- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 257
- Derksen, Rick (2015) “kampas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 224
- Derksen, Rick (2015) “kumpas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 263
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