< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bardaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂.

The change from a feminine first declension pattern to a masculine short a-stem is analogous; a more etymologically accurate descendant would be something like "bardō."

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbɑr.ðɑz/

Noun

*bardaz m[1]

  1. beard

Inflection
masculine a-stemDeclension of *bardaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *bardaz *bardōz, *bardōs
vocative *bard *bardōz, *bardōs
accusative *bardą *bardanz
genitive *bardas, *bardis *bardǫ̂
dative *bardai *bardamaz
instrumental *bardō *bardamiz

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *bard
    • Old English: beard
      • Middle English: berd, bard, bærd, beord, burd
        • English: beard
        • Scots: berd, berde, beird
        • Yola: bearde
        • → Anglo-Norman: berd
        • →⇒ Anglo-Norman: barder (verb) (merged with Old French barbier)
    • Old Frisian: *bard, berd
    • Old Saxon: bard
      • Middle Low German: bart
        • German Low German: Baart
        • Westphalian
          • Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Bårt
          • Vest Recklinghausen: Bart
          • Westmünsterländisch: Baord, Buord, Burd
        • Plautdietsch: Boat
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: barde
        • → Saterland Frisian: Boart
    • Old Dutch: *bart
      • Middle Dutch: bāert
        • Dutch: baard
          • Afrikaans: baard
          • Negerhollands: baard
            • → Virgin Islands Creole: bad (archaic)
          • → Norwegian Nynorsk: barde
          • → West Frisian: baard
        • Limburgish: baerd
    • Old High German: bart
      • Middle High German: bart
        • Alemannic German: Baart
        • Bavarian: Bårt
        • Central Franconian:
          Hunsrik: Baart
          Luxembourgish: Baart
        • East Central German:
          Upper Saxon German:
          Vilamovian: biöet, biöt
        • East Franconian:
        • German: Bart
        • Rhine Franconian: Bat, Bart
          Frankfurterisch: [b̥ɑːt], (older) [b̥ɔːt]
          Pennsylvania German: Baart
        • Yiddish: באָרד (bord)
  • Old Norse: barð n (< *barðą)
  • Crimean Gothic: bars

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*bardaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 36
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