< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/alu

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier *álut, from Pre-Germanic *álud, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *olъ, Old Armenian աւղի (awłi).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɑ.lu/

Noun

*alu n[1]

  1. beer, ale

Synonyms

Inflection

The nominative singular lacks the final consonant of the stem. This preserves an old sound change from late PIE, where word-final *-t becomes *-d. According to Grimm's Law, *t shifted to *þ, and *d shifted to *t. Following this, word-final *-t was lost regularly.

neuter consonant stemDeclension of *alu (neuter consonant stem)
singular plural
nominative *alu *aluþ
vocative *alu *aluþ
accusative *alu *aluþ
genitive *aluþiz *aluþǫ̂
dative *aluþi *aluþumaz
instrumental *aluþē *aluþumiz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *alu
    • Old English: ealu, alu, ealo
      • Middle English: ale, ail
        • English: ale
        • Geordie English: yel
        • Scots: yill, ale, aill, ayll
        • ⇒ Yola: aalhouse
    • Old Saxon: *alu, *alo
      • ⇒ Old Saxon: alufat, alofat
    • Old Dutch: *alu, *alo
      • Middle Dutch: āle
        • Dutch: aal
        • ⇒ Middle Dutch: godale, goedale
          • → Old French: godale
            • Middle French: goudale, godaille
              • French: godaille
    • Old High German: *alu, elo
      • ⇒? Middle High German: alschaf (“drinkware”)
      • ⇒ Old High German: *alufaz
  • Proto-Norse: ᚨᛚᚢ (alu)
  • →? Proto-Finnic: *olut
  • →? Latvian: alus
  • →? Ossetian: ӕлутон (æluton)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aluþ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23
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