< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vaikëda

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Suffixed with +‎ *-ëda, but the root is uncertain; it may be a variant of *vaiva, or a separate borrowing from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌾𐍉 (waihjō)).

Adjective

*vaikëda

  1. difficult, hard

Inflection
Inflection of *vaikëda
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *vaikëda *vaikëdat
accusative *vaikëdan *vaikëdat
genitive *vaikëdan *vaikëdadën
*vaikëdëidën
partitive *vaikëdata *vaikëdëita
inessive *vaikëdassa
*vaikëdahna		 *vaikëdëissa
*vaikëdëihna
elative *vaikëdasta *vaikëdëista
illative *vaikëdasën *vaikëdëisën
adessive *vaikëdalla *vaikëdëilla
ablative *vaikëdalta *vaikëdëilta
allative *vaikëdalën
*vaikëdalëk		 *vaikëdëilën
*vaikëdëilëk
essive *vaikëdana *vaikëdëina
translative *vaikëdaksi *vaikëdëiksi
instructive *vaikëdan *vaikëdëin
comitative *vaikëdanëk *vaikëdëinëk
abessive *vaikëdatta *vaikëdëitta

Descendants
  • Finnish: vaikea
    • → Northern Sami: váigat
  • Ingrian: vaikia
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: vaikie
    • South Karelian: vaigie
  • Livvi: vaigei
  • Votic: vaikõa

Further reading
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “vaikea”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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