< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sana

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Alternative forms
  • *sëna

Etymology

Unknown.

Noun

*sana[1]

  1. word

Inflection
Inflection of *sana
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *sana *sanat
accusative *sanan *sanat
genitive *sanan *sanadën
*sanoidën
partitive *sanada *sanoida
inessive *sanassa
*sanahna		 *sanoissa
*sanoihna
elative *sanasta *sanoista
illative *sanahën *sanoihën
adessive *sanalla *sanoilla
ablative *sanalta *sanoilta
allative *sanalën
*sanalëk		 *sanoilën
*sanoilëk
essive *sanana *sanoina
translative *sanaksi *sanoiksi
instructive *sanan *sanoin
comitative *sananëk *sanoinëk
abessive *sanatta *sanoitta

Descendants

*sana

  • Finnish: sana
  • Ingrian: sana
  • Karelian:
  • Livvi: sana
  • Ludian: sana
  • Veps: sana
  • → Sami:
    • Western:
    • Eastern:
      • Inari Sami: sääṇi
      • Skolt Sami: sääʹnn
      • Akkala Sami: [script needed] (sāᵢn)
      • Kildin Sami: са̄ннҍ (sānn’)
      • Ter Sami: са̄ннӭ

*sëna

  • Estonian: sõna
  • Livonian:
    • Courland Livonian: sõnā
    • Vidzeme Livonian: süna
  • Võro: syna
  • Votic: sõna

References
  1. Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*sana”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto‎ (in Finnish)

Further reading
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sana”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
  • “sõna”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
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