< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kuma

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from the same root as *kumistak.

Adjective

*kuma[1]

  1. shining, gleaming

Noun

*kuma

  1. glow, shimmer, glimmer

Declension
Inflection of *kuma
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *kuma *kumat
accusative *kuman *kumat
genitive *kuman *kumadën
*kumëidën
partitive *kumada *kumëida
inessive *kumassa
*kumahna		 *kumëissa
*kumëihna
elative *kumasta *kumëista
illative *kumahën *kumëihën
adessive *kumalla *kumëilla
ablative *kumalta *kumëilta
allative *kumalën
*kumalëk		 *kumëilën
*kumëilëk
essive *kumana *kumëina
translative *kumaksi *kumëiksi
instructive *kuman *kumëin
comitative *kumanëk *kumëinëk
abessive *kumatta *kumëitta

Descendants
  • Estonian: kuma
  • Finnish: (obsolete) kuma, ⇒ kumottaa, kumea
  • Karelian: ⇒
    • North Karelian: kumottua
  • Livvi: ⇒ kumottua
  • >? Võro: kuma
  • Votic: ⇒ kumatõ (Jõgõperä)

References
  1. Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kuma”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto‎ (in Finnish)

Further reading
  • “kuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kuma”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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