< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/koski

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Uralic *kośke.

Noun

*koski

  1. a continuous series of relatively small waterfalls in a stream, rapid
    Synonym: *juka

Inflection
Inflection of *koski
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *koski *koskët
accusative *koskën *koskët
genitive *koskën *koskëdën
*koskidën
partitive *koskëda *koskida
inessive *koskëssa
*koskëhna		 *koskissa
*koskihna
elative *koskësta *koskista
illative *koskëhën *koskihën
adessive *koskëlla *koskilla
ablative *koskëlta *koskilta
allative *koskëlën
*koskëlëk		 *koskilën
*koskilëk
essive *koskëna *koskina
translative *koskëksi *koskiksi
instructive *koskën *koskin
comitative *koskënëk *koskinëk
abessive *koskëtta *koskitta

Descendants
  • Estonian: kosk
  • Finnish: koski
  • Karelian: koski
  • Livvi: koski
  • Ludian: kosk
  • Veps: kosk

Etymology 2

From Proto-Uralic [Term?]. Cognate with Hungarian hárs.

Noun

*koski

  1. spruce bark, thick bark

Inflection
Inflection of *koski
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *koski *koskët
accusative *koskën *koskët
genitive *koskën *koskëdën
*koskidën
partitive *koskëda *koskida
inessive *koskëssa
*koskëhna		 *koskissa
*koskihna
elative *koskësta *koskista
illative *koskëhën *koskihën
adessive *koskëlla *koskilla
ablative *koskëlta *koskilta
allative *koskëlën
*koskëlëk		 *koskilën
*koskilëk
essive *koskëna *koskina
translative *koskëksi *koskiksi
instructive *koskën *koskin
comitative *koskënëk *koskinëk
abessive *koskëtta *koskitta

Descendants

From *koski:

  • Estonian: (dialectal) kosk
  • Livonian: kuosk
  • Võro: kosk'

From *kosku-:

  • Finnish: (dialectal) koskut, kosku, koskus
  • Ingrian: kosut
  • Karelian: koskus, koskut
  • Ludian: koskud
  • ⇒ Veps: koskhaine
  • Votic: (Mati) kõsku

Further reading
  • Entry #350 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kosku”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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