< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/karhu

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Most likely a euphemistic derivation from *karhëda (“rough, coarse”) +‎ *-u. Alternatively (through earlier *karša-) a possible loan from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos.

Noun

*karhu

  1. bear
    Synonyms: *kontija, *okci

Inflection
Inflection of *karhu
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *karhu *karhut
accusative *karhun *karhut
genitive *karhun *karhudën
*karhuidën
partitive *karhuda *karhuida
inessive *karhussa
*karhuhna		 *karhuissa
*karhuihna
elative *karhusta *karhuista
illative *karhuhën *karhuihën
adessive *karhulla *karhuilla
ablative *karhulta *karhuilta
allative *karhulën
*karhulëk		 *karhuilën
*karhuilëk
essive *karhuna *karhuina
translative *karhuksi *karhuiksi
instructive *karhun *karhuin
comitative *karhunëk *karhuinëk
abessive *karhutta *karhuitta

Descendants
  • Estonian: karu
  • Finnish: karhu
  • Ingrian: karhu
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: (archaic, poetic) karhu
    • South Karelian: (archaic, poetic) karhu
  • Võro: karh, kahr
  • Votic: karu

References
  • Delamarre, Xavier. 1992. "Finnois karhu, aryen hr̥kšas, indoeuropéen *h₂rtk̂os 'ours'". Historische Sprachforschung 105, pp. 151–154.
  • “karu”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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