< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/külmä

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä, possibly borrowed from Baltic (compare Lithuanian geluma), and if so, ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *gel-. Cognates include Komi-Permyak кын (kyn) and Proto-Samic *këlmētēk (“to be cold”).

Adjective

*külmä

  1. cold

Inflection
Inflection of *külmä
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *külmä *külmät
accusative *külmän *külmät
genitive *külmän *külmäden
*külmeiden
partitive *külmädä *külmeidä
inessive *külmässä
*külmähnä		 *külmeissä
*külmeihnä
elative *külmästä *külmeistä
illative *külmähen *külmeihen
adessive *külmällä *külmeillä
ablative *külmältä *külmeiltä
allative *külmälen
*külmälek		 *külmeilen
*külmeilek
essive *külmänä *külmeinä
translative *külmäksi *külmeiksi
instructive *külmän *külmein
comitative *külmänek *külmeinek
abessive *külmättä *külmeittä

Descendants
  • Estonian: külm
  • Finnish: kylmä
  • Ingrian: kylmä
  • Karelian: kylmä
  • Livonian: kīlma
  • Livvi: kylmy
  • Veps: kül'm
  • Võro: külm
  • Votic: tšülme

References
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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