< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-inën

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Two distinct stems that have been conflated into a single paradigm, as per Hakulinen;[1] a case of suppletion.

The oblique stem *-ice- (sometimes reconstructed as *-icce-, which is probably secondary) is from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ŋće, *-ńće, *-nće, *-nśe, and is cognate with Proto-Samic *-ńčë. The oblique stem is probably original. In many descendants the original nominative can be found in compounds, albeit in reduced form (*naic(ë)- > Estonian nais- in naissugu, Finnish nais- in naissuku, Ingrian nais- in naissuku, Karelian nais- in naispuoli, Livonian naiz- in naizjemā, Ludian naiž- in naižluad, Veps naiž- in naižvald, Votic naiz- in naizeläje). Remnants of the original nominative *-ici may be preserved in toponyms (Alhaisi near Salo in Finland, Ihalaisi, Ikäpäivösi and Vornaisi in Ingria).[2]

The origin of the nominative *-inen is less clear; it might be related to *-na (diminutive suffix), in which case the -i- would be analogous to the oblique stem.

Suffix

*-inën / *-inen (stem *-icë- / *-ice-)

  1. -ish, -ic, -like, -y
  2. -en (material something is made of)

Inflection
Inflection of *-inën
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *-inën *-icet
accusative *-icen *-icet
genitive *-icen *-ictën
*-icidën
partitive *-icta *-icita
inessive *-icessa
*-icehna		 *-icissa
*-icihna
elative *-icesta *-icista
illative *-icesën *-icisën
adessive *-icella *-icilla
ablative *-icelta *-icilta
allative *-icelën
*-icelëk		 *-icilën
*-icilëk
essive *-inna *-icina
translative *-iceksi *-iciksi
instructive *-icen *-icin
comitative *-innëk *-icinëk
abessive *-icetta *-icitta

Derived terms
Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-inën

Descendants
  • Estonian: -ne
  • Finnish: -inen (also conflated with *-hinën), -nen
  • Ingrian: -in
  • Karelian: -inen, -ine
  • Livonian: -i[3]
  • Livvi: -ine
  • Veps: -ine
  • Votic: -in
  • Võro: -nõ/-ne

References
  1. Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
  2. Rahkonen, Pauli. Suomeen suuntautuneiden nimistövirtausten monimuotoisuus. Muinaistutkija 1/2021. p. 14–15
  3. Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra, Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN
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