< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kiyeti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to fall”).[1]
Inflection
The future and subjunctive stems are analogical after verbs that were formed from laryngeal-final roots in the shape *CeyH-.
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *kiyū | *kiyemam | *kikīsū | *kika |
| 2nd singular | *kiyesi | *kiyetās | *kikīsesi | *kikas? |
| 3rd singular | *kiyeti | *kiyeto | *kikīseti | *kike |
| 1st plural | *kiyomosi | *kiyemo | *kikīsomosi | *kikmo |
| 2nd plural | *kiyetesi | *kiyestē | *kikīsetesi | *kixte |
| 3rd plural | *kiyonti | *kiyento | *kikīsonti | *kikar |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *keyasū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *keyasesi | ? | *kiye | |
| 3rd singular | *keyaseti | ? | *kiyetou | |
| 1st plural | *keyasomosi | ? | *kiyomos | |
| 2nd plural | *keyasetesi | ? | *kiyete | |
| 3rd plural | *keyasonti | ? | *kiyontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *kiyūr | — | *kikīsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *kiyetar | — | *kikīsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *kiyetor | ? | *kikīsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *kiyommor | — | *kikīsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *kiyedwe | — | *kikīsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *kiyontor | ? | *kikīsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *keyasūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *keyasetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *keyasetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *keyasommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *keyasedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *keyasontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kitos | *kitou | *kitoi |
| vocative | *kite | *kitou | *kitoi |
| accusative | *kitom | *kitou | *kitoms |
| genitive | *kitī | *kitous | *kitom |
| dative | *kitūi | *kitobom | *kitobos |
| instrumental | *kitū | *kitobim | *kitobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kitā | *kitai | *kitās |
| vocative | *kitā | *kitai | *kitās |
| accusative | *kitam | *kitai | *kitams |
| genitive | *kitās | *kitous | *kitom |
| dative | *kitai | *kitābom | *kitābos |
| instrumental | *? | *kitābim | *kitābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kitom | *kitou | *kitā |
| vocative | *kitom | *kitou | *kitā |
| accusative | *kitom | *kitou | *kitā |
| genitive | *kitī | *kitous | *kitom |
| dative | *kitūi | *kitobom | *kitobos |
| instrumental | *kitū | *kitobim | *kitobis |
Derived terms
- *to-kiyeti
- Middle Welsh: dychiawr (3sg), dychiorant (3pl)
Descendants
Related terms
- *kei-d-eti (dental extension with full root grade)
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Breton: coezaff
- Middle Cornish: koedha
- Middle Welsh: kwydaw, kwytaw
- Proto-Brythonic:
- *dī-keideti
- Middle Breton: digoezaff
- *to-keideti
- Middle Cornish: degoth (3sg pres.)
- Middle Welsh: dygwydaw
- *uɸo-keideti
- Middle Welsh: gogwydaw
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ki-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
- Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 404-410
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