< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/biggos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Uncertain. Matasović, assuming a reconstruction *bekkos, derives this from Proto-Indo-European *bʰég-ko-s, from *bʰeg- (“to break”) +‎ *-kos.[1] Stifter and Hayden, in addition to Jørgensen, have since proposed *biggos.[3][4]

Adjective

*biggos

  1. small, little

Inflection
O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *biggos *biggou *biggoi
vocative *bigge *biggou *biggoi
accusative *biggom *biggou *biggoms
genitive *biggī *biggous *biggom
dative *biggūi *biggobom *biggobos
instrumental *biggū *biggobim *biggobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *biggā *biggai *biggās
vocative *biggā *biggai *biggās
accusative *biggam *biggai *biggams
genitive *biggās *biggous *biggom
dative *biggai *biggābom *biggābos
instrumental *? *biggābim *biggābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *biggom *biggou *biggā
vocative *biggom *biggou *biggā
accusative *biggom *biggou *biggā
genitive *biggī *biggous *biggom
dative *biggūi *biggobom *biggobos
instrumental *biggū *biggobim *biggobis

Antonyms

Descendants
  • Proto-Brythonic: *bɨx
    • Middle Breton: bihan
    • Cornish: byghan
    • Middle Welsh: bych, bach, bychan
  • Old Irish: bec, becc
  • Uncertain:
    • →? Vulgar Latin: *pittus, *piccus (see there for further descendants)

Further reading
  • Henry, Victor (1900) “bihan”, in Lexique étymologique des termes les plus usuels du breton moderne (Bibliothèque bretonne armoricaine; III) (in French), Rennes: J. Plihon et L. Hervé, page 35

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bekko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 60
  2. Martínez Estévez, Higinio (1996) Ensayo de gramática del céltico antiguo común (in Spanish), Buenos Aires, page 48
  3. Hayden, Deborah, Stifter, David (2022) “The lexicography and etymology of OIr. eclas”, in North American journal of Celtic studies, volume 6, number 2, Project Muse, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 236–250
  4. Jørgensen, Anders Richardt (2022) “Celtic”, in The Indo-European Language Family, Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 135–151
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