< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/iwos

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *īwos

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw- (“yew”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *īhwaz (“yew”), Latin ūva (“grape”), Ancient Greek ὄα (óa, “service tree”), Lithuanian ievà (“bird cherry”), Russian и́ва (íva, “willow”).

Noun

*iwos m

  1. yew

Declension
Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *iwos *iwou *iwoi
vocative *iwe *iwou *iwūs
accusative *iwom *iwou *iwoms
genitive *iwī *iwous *iwom
dative *iwūi *iwobom *iwobos
locative *iwei *? *?
instrumental *iwū *iwobim *iwūis

Synonyms

Descendants
  • Proto-Brythonic: *ɨwī pl, *ɨwɨnā (collective)
    • Breton: ivin (collective)
    • Old Cornish: hiuin
      • Cornish: ywin
    • Welsh: yw pl
  • Gaulish: *iwos
    • → French: if
  • Old Irish: eó

Derived terms

Further reading
  • Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*iwo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 173
  • Watson, W. J., The History of the Celtic Place-names of Scotland. Reprinted with an introduction by Simon Taylor, Birlinn, Edinburgh, 2004. →ISBN, pp. 87–90.
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