< Reconstruction:Proto-Cariban

Reconstruction:Proto-Cariban/ɨrɨ

This Proto-Cariban entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Cariban

Alternative forms
  • *rɨ

Verb

*ɨrɨ (t-added stem *tɨrɨ) (transitive)

  1. to do
  2. to make
  3. to put, to set, to place
  4. to give

Reconstruction notes

The t-added form of this word can be confidently reconstructed as *tɨrɨ; however, the prefix that introduces it takes the form *t- before vowels and *tɨ- before consonants, so that the word may break down as either *t-ɨrɨ or *tɨ-rɨ (both segmentations are given without comment in Gildea 2007). Descendants without the prefix show forms both with and without an initial *ɨ-, so that the root might plausibly be reconstructed as either *ɨrɨ or *rɨ.

Descendants
  • Guianan:
    • Apalaí: yri, tyri (t-added stem)
    • Kari'na: yry
    • Proto-Taranoan: *rɨ, *tɨrɨ (t-added stem)
      • Akurio: rï
      • Carijona: tïrï
      • Trió: rï, tïrï (t-added stem)
    • Wayana: ïrï
  • Parukotoan:
  • Venezuelan Cariban:
    • Mapoyan:
    • Pemongan:
      • Akawaio: ïrï, tïrï (t-added stem)
      • Macushi: îrî, tîrî (t-added stem)
      • Pemon: rü, irü
    • Yao (South America): eri
  • Waimiri-Atroari: ry
  • Ye'kwana: üdü, tüdü (t-added stem)

References
  • Gildea, Spike, Doris Payne (2007) “Is Greenberg’s ‘Macro-Carib’ viable?”, in Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi: Ciências Humanas, volume 2, number 2, Belém, pages 19–72
  • Meira, Sérgio, Bruna Franchetto (2005) “The southern Cariban languages and the Cariban family”, in International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 71, pages 127–192
  • Florian Matter, editor (2021), “*ɨrɨ”, in Comparative Cariban Database‎, Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, retrieved 2024-02-20
  • Meira, Sérgio (1998) A Reconstruction of Proto-Taranoan: Phonology and Inflectional Morphology‎, Houston: Rice University, page 177
  • Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎, Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 438
  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “üdü”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon
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