Reconstruction:Proto-Bantu/-tátʊ̀

This Proto-Bantu entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Bantu

Alternative forms

*-cátʊ̀
*-cácʊ̀

Etymology

cognates outside Bantu are Proto-Grassfields *tád, Proto-Yoruboid *ɛ̀-ta

Reconstruction

The palatalized forms *-cátʊ̀ and *-cácʊ̀ derive from the leveling of a morphological alternation in which the first consonant was palatalized in class 10.[1]

Adjective

cardinal number
3	Previous:	*-bàdɪ́
3	Next:	*-nàì

*-tátʊ̀[2]

three

Descendants

From *-tátʊ̀:

Proto-Jarawan: *tatu
Duala (A24): -lálo
Thagiicu:
- Kikuyu (E51): -thatu
- Kamba (E55): -datu
Mbunda (K15): -tatu
Northeast Coast Bantu:
- Swahili (G42): -tatu
Nyasa:
- Chichewa (N31): -tatu
Rwanda-Rundi (J61/62): -tatu
Shona (S10): -tatu
Kimbundu (H21): -tatu
Kongo (H16): -tatu
Southern Bantu:
- Nguni:
  - Phuthi (S404): -tshatfu
  - Swazi (S43): -tsatfu
  - Xhosa (S41): -thathu
  - Zulu (S42): -thathu
- Sotho-Tswana:
  - Northern Sotho (S32): -tharo
  - Sotho (S33): -tharo
  - Tswana (S31): -raro
- Tsonga (S53): -nharhu
- Venda (S20): -raru

From *-cátʊ̀:

Lingala (C30B): -sató
Luba-Kasai (L31): -satu
Luganda (J15): -satu
Tooro (J12): -satu
Gusii (J42): isato

References

Meeussen, A. E. (1973). Comparative Bantu: Test cases for method. African Language Studies, 14, 6–18.
Entry 2811 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3

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[1] Meeussen, A. E. (1973). Comparative Bantu: Test cases for method. African Language Studies, 14, 6–18.

[2] Entry 2811 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3