Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/huʀaC

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /huʀat͡s/

Noun

*huʀaC

Descendants

Northern Formosan
- Atayalic
  - Taroko: urat (“muscle, nerve, vein”)
- Northwestern Formosan
  - Saisiyat: kawas (“vein”)
  - Pazeh: huhas (“blood vessel, vein”)
  - Thao: ulhath (“blood vessel, vein”)
Eastern Formosan
- Kavalanic
  - Kavalan: uRat (“tendon”)
- Ami
  - Amis: olat (“tendons, blood vessels”)
  - Sakizaya: ulat (“vein, tendon, blood vessels”)
- Tsouic
  - Tsou: veocʉ (“blood vessel”)
  - Southern Tsouic
    - Kanakanabu: 'uracʉ (“blood vessel”)
    - Saaroa: 'uracʉ (“blood vessel, vein, tendon”)
- Bunun: ulat (“blood vessel, vein, tendon”)
- Rukai: uvace (“vein, tendon”)
- Puyuma: uratr (“blood vessel, vein, tendon”)
- Paiwan: uac (“vein, sinew”)
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *uʀat
- Philippine
  - Batanic
    - Ivatan: uyat
    - Ibatan: oyat
  - Northern Luzon
    - Arta: urat
    - Ilocano: urát
    - Cagayan Valley
      - Isnag: uxāt
    - Meso-Cordilleran
      - Central Cordilleran
        Ifugao
        Batad Ifugao: ulat
        Tuwali Ifugao: ulát
        Bontok-Kankanaey
        Central Bontoc: olat
        Northern Kankanay: owat
        Kankanaey: owát
      - Southern Cordilleran
        Pangasinan: olát
        Karao: olat
        Keley-I Kallahan: ulat
  - Central Luzon
    - Kapampangan: uyat
    - Remontado Agta: uyát
    - Sambalic
      - Bolinao: uyat
      - Mag-Anchi Ayta: úyat
      - Abenlen Ayta: oyat
  - Umiray Dumaget Agta: uget
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Central Philippine
      - Tagalog: ugát (“vein, root, origin”)
      - Bikol
        Bikol Central: ugát
        West Albay Bikol: ugat
      - Visayan
        Cebuano: ugat
        Asi: ugát
        Aklanon: ugát
        Masbatenyo: ugát
        Romblomanon: 'ugat
        Tausug: ugat
      - Mansakan
        Mansaka: ogat
        Tagakaulu Kalagan: ugat
    - South Mangyan
      - Hanunoo: ʔugát
    - Manobo
      - Ata Manobo: ugat
      - Obo Manobo: 'uhat
      - Agusan Manobo: u'gat
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: uɣat
    - Subanen
      - Central Subanen: ugat
    - Danao
      - Maranao: ogat
      - Maguindanao: ugat
    - Palawanic
      - Brooke's Point Palawano: ugat
      - Central Palawano: ugat
      - Tagbanwa: ugat
      - Central Tagbanwa: ulat
      - Molbog: ugat
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow
      - Mongondow: ugat
      - Lolak: ugat
  - Kalamian
    - Calamian Tagbanwa: ulat
    - >? Agutaynen: ogat
  - South Mindanao
    - Tboli: ulat
    - Tiruray: urat
  - Sangiric
    - Sangir: uha'
- Basap–Barito
  - Basap: orat
  - Sama–Bajaw
    - Yakan: ohat
    - Southern Sama: huwat
    - Mapun: huwat
  - East Barito
    - Dusun Witu: uyat
    - Tawoyan: uyat
    - Ma'anyan: uat, uwat
    - Malagasy: ózatra (“muscle, tendon, sinew”)
  - West Barito
    - Ngaju: uhat
- North Bornean
  - Northeast Sabahan
    - Ida'an: uat
    - Bonggi: uart
  - Southwest Sabahan
    - Dusunic
      - Central Dusun: tuat
      - Coastal Kadazan: tuat
      - Tobilung: tuat
      - Kuijau: tuhat
      - Rungus: uhat
      - Lotud: uhat
    - Murutic
      - Tagal Murut: uat
      - Burusu: uwat
  - North Sarawakan
    - Bintulu: uat
    - Dayic
      - Kelabit: urat
    - Kenyah
      - Bakung: uat
      - ⇒ Western Penan: keluat
      - ⇒ Eastern Penan: keluhat
  - Central Sarawakan
    - Melanau
      - Central Melanau: uat, wat
      - Kanowit: urat
    - Kajang
      - Sekapan: uat
      - Kajaman: wat
      - Lahanan: wat
    - Punan
      - Punan Tubu: uat
      - Punan Bah-Biau: uat
      - Punan Aput: uat
      - Ukit: uat
      - Bukat: wat
      - Bukitan: wat
    - Müller-Schwaner Punan
      - Hovongan: uhat
      - Kereho: ohat
      - Aoheng: ohat
- Kayanic
  - Kayan–Murik
    - Baram Kayan: uhat
    - Busang Kayan: huat
    - Bahau: wat
    - Murik (Malaysia): uat
  - Segai–Modang
    - Segai: hut
- Land Dayak
  - Benyadu–Bekati'
    - Benyadu': uhat
    - Bekati': uhat
  - Southern Land Dayak
    - Jangkang: uat
    - Ribun: ua'
    - Sanggau: urat
- Moken–Moklen
  - Moken: olat
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
  - Batak
    - Toba Batak: urat
  - Nias: uo
- Malayo-Sumbawan
  - Chamic: *ʔurat
    - Acehnese: urat
    - Coastal Chamic
      - Eastern Cham: ꨀꨣꩀ (arak)
      - Western Cham: ارک (arak)
    - Highlands Chamic
      - Northern Chamic
        Northern Roglai: uraʔ
        Tsat: zaʔ²⁴
      - Jarai–Rhade
        Jarai: arăt
        Rade: aruăt
  - Malayic: *urat
    - Ibanic
      - Iban: urat
      - Mualang: uɣat
      - Seberuang: uɣat
    - Malayan
      - Malay: urat
        Indonesian: urat
      - Minangkabau: urek
    - Urak Lawoi': อูรัยจ (urac)
  - Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
    - Balinese: uat
    - Sasak: urat
  - Sundanese: ᮅᮛᮒ᮪ (urat)
- Old Javanese: otwat, otot
  - Javanese: ꦲꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴꦠ꧀ (otot)
    - → Indonesian: otot (“muscle”)
- South Sulawesi
  - Tamanic
    - Embaloh: urat
  - Northern
    - Tae': ura'
    - Mandar: ura'
  - Makassaric
    - Makasar: ᨕᨘᨑ (ura')
- Celebic
  - Saluan–Banggai
    - Balantak: urat
  - Tomini–Tolitoli
    - Dampelas: uat
    - Taje: uati
    - Boano (Sulawesi): ugat
  - Muna–Buton
    - Muna: ue
  - Kaili–Pamona
    - Pamona: ua
    - Uma: ua'
  - Wotu–Wolio
    - Wolio: ua
- Chamorro: gugat
- Palauan: ngurd
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Sumba–Flores
    - Western Flores
      - Komodo: ura'
      - Rembong: urat
      - Ngadha: ura
      - Li'o: ura
    - Sumba–Hawu
      - Kambera: ura
  - Kei–Tanimbar
    - Kei: urat
    - Yamdena: urat
    - Fordata: urat
  - Selaru: urat
  - Timoric
    - Tetum: uat
    - Leti (Indonesia): urta
    - Bilba: ua
  - Aru
    - Dobel: kwura
  - Central Maluku
    - Buru (Indonesia): uhat
    - Kowiai: urat
- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Halmahera–Cenderawasih
    - Cenderawasih Bay
      - Biak: urek
      - Pom: urarua
      - Ansus: urarua
    - Halmahera Sea
      - Sawai: wétwut
  - Oceanic: *uʀat
    - St. Matthias Islands
      - Mussau-Emira: ueta
    - Western Oceanic
      - Meso-Melanesian
        Patpatar–Tolai
        Tolai: urat
        Bali–Vitu
        Uneapa: urata
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic
      - Southeast Solomonic
        Bugotu–Gela
        Bughotu: ula
        Gela: ula
        Malaita–Makira
        Kwaio: ula
        Sa'a: uleule
        'Are'are: uraura
      - Southern Oceanic
        Neverver: na-ua
      - Micronesian
        Chuukese: wuwa
      - Central Pacific
        West Fijian–Rotuman
        Western Fijian: ua
        Rotuman: uaua
        East Fijian–Polynesian
        Fijian: ua
        Proto-Polynesian: *uaua
        Tongic
        Tongan: uoua
        Samoic–Outlier
        Ellicean
        Tuvaluan: uaua
        Kapingamarangi: uaua
        Nukuoro: uaua
        Samoic
        Samoan: uaua
        Tokelauan: uaua
        Eastern Polynesian
        Marquesic
        Hawaiian: uaua
        Mangarevan: ùaùa
        North Marquesan: uaua
        Tahitic
        Tahitian: uaua
        Rarotongan: uaua
        Maori: uaua
        Rapa Nui: ûaûa

References

Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary — *huʀaC

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