Reconstruction:Latin/stuno

This Latin entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *stunōn (“to rumble, thunder, bang”), from Proto-Germanic *stunōną. Alternatively from or a merger with *extonō, from ex- +‎ tonō (“thunder, speak thunderously”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sˈtono/

Verb

*stunō (present infinitive *stunāre, perfect active *stunāvī, supine *stunātum); first conjugation (Proto-Italo-Western-Romance)

Descendants

Old French: estoner, estuner, estouner
- Bourbonnais: etouna
- Middle French: estonner, étonner
  - French: étonner
- Norman: êtonner (Jersiais)
- Picard: ètonneu (Athois)
- Walloon: èstèner (Liégeois)
- → Middle English: astonen, astonyen, astonien
  - Early English: astony, astone, aston, astun (archaic)
    - ⇒ English: astonish
Italian: stonare
Old Occitan: estonar
- Catalan: estonar
- Occitan: estonar

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