-lema
See also: lema
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-ldak.
Inflection
Conjugation of -lema (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -len | ei -le | 1st sing. | olen -lenud | ei ole -lenud pole -lenud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -led | 2nd sing. | oled -lenud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -leb | 3rd sing. | on -lenud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -leme | 1st plur. | oleme -lenud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -lete | 2nd plur. | olete -lenud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -levad | 3rd plur. | on -lenud | ||||||
| passive | -letakse | ei -leta | passive | on -letud | ei ole -letud pole -letud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -lesin | ei -lenud | 1st sing. | olin -lenud | ei olnud -lenud polnud -lenud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -lesid | 2nd sing. | olid -lenud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -les | 3rd sing. | oli -lenud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -lesime | 1st plur. | olime -lenud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -lesite | 2nd plur. | olite -lenud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -lesid | 3rd plur. | oli -lenud | ||||||
| passive | -leti | ei -letud | passive | oli -letud | ei olnud -letud polnud -letud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -leksin | ei -leks | 1st sing. | -lenuksin oleksin -lenud |
ei -lenuks ei oleks -lenud poleks -lenud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -leksid | 2nd sing. | -lenuksid oleksid -lenud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -leks | 3rd sing. | -lenuks oleks -lenud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -leksime | 1st plur. | -lenuksime oleksime -lenud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -leksite | 2nd plur. | -lenuksite oleksite -lenud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -leksid | 3rd plur. | -lenuksid oleksid -lenud | ||||||
| passive | -letaks | ei -letaks | passive | oleks -letud | ei oleks -letud poleks -letud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -le | ära -le | 2nd sing. | ole -lenud | ära ole -lenud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | -legu | ärgu -legu | 3rd sing. | olgu -lenud | ärgu olgu -lenud | ||||
| 1st plur. | -legem | ärme -leme ärme -le ärgem -legem |
1st plur. | olgem -lenud | ärme oleme -lenud ärme ole -lenud ärgem olgem -lenud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | -lege | ärge -lege | 2nd plur. | olge -lenud | ärge olge -lenud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | -legu | ärgu -legu | 3rd plur. | olgu -lenud | ärgu olgu -lenud | ||||
| passive | -letagu | ärgu -letagu | passive | olgu -letud | ärgu olgu -letud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | -levat | ei -levat | active | olevat -lenud | ei olevat -lenud polevat -lenud | ||||
| passive | -letavat | ei -letavat | passive | olevat -letud | ei olevat -letud polevat -letud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | -lema | -letama | nominative | -leda | olla -lenud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | -ledes | olles -lenud | |||||
| inessive | -lemas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | -lemast | present | -lev | -letav | |||||
| translative | -lemaks | past | -lenud | -letud | |||||
| abessive | -lemata | negative | -lematu | — | |||||
Conjugation of -lema (ÕS type 30/vaidlema, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -len | ei -le | 1st sing. | olen -elnud | ei ole -elnud pole -elnud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -led | 2nd sing. | oled -elnud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -leb | 3rd sing. | on -elnud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -leme | 1st plur. | oleme -elnud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -lete | 2nd plur. | olete -elnud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -levad | 3rd plur. | on -elnud | ||||||
| passive | -eldakse | ei -elda | passive | on -eldud | ei ole -eldud pole -eldud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -lesin | ei -elnud | 1st sing. | olin -elnud | ei olnud -elnud polnud -elnud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -lesid | 2nd sing. | olid -elnud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -les | 3rd sing. | oli -elnud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -lesime | 1st plur. | olime -elnud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -lesite | 2nd plur. | olite -elnud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -lesid | 3rd plur. | oli -elnud | ||||||
| passive | -eldi | ei -eldud | passive | oli -eldud | ei olnud -eldud polnud -eldud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | -leksin | ei -leks | 1st sing. | -elnuksin oleksin -elnud |
ei -elnuks ei oleks -elnud poleks -elnud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -leksid | 2nd sing. | -elnuksid oleksid -elnud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | -leks | 3rd sing. | -elnuks oleks -elnud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | -leksime | 1st plur. | -elnuksime oleksime -elnud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | -leksite | 2nd plur. | -elnuksite oleksite -elnud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | -leksid | 3rd plur. | -elnuksid oleksid -elnud | ||||||
| passive | -eldaks | ei -eldaks | passive | oleks -eldud | ei oleks -eldud poleks -eldud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | -le | ära -le | 2nd sing. | ole -elnud | ära ole -elnud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | -elgu | ärgu -elgu | 3rd sing. | olgu -elnud | ärgu olgu -elnud | ||||
| 1st plur. | -elgem | ärme -leme ärme -le ärgem -elgem |
1st plur. | olgem -elnud | ärme oleme -elnud ärme ole -elnud ärgem olgem -elnud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | -elge | ärge -elge | 2nd plur. | olge -elnud | ärge olge -elnud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | -elgu | ärgu -elgu | 3rd plur. | olgu -elnud | ärgu olgu -elnud | ||||
| passive | -eldagu | ärgu -eldagu | passive | olgu -eldud | ärgu olgu -eldud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | -levat | ei -levat | active | olevat -elnud | ei olevat -elnud polevat -elnud | ||||
| passive | -eldavat | ei -eldavat | passive | olevat -eldud | ei olevat -eldud polevat -eldud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | -lema | -eldama | nominative | -elda | olla -elnud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | -eldes | olles -elnud | |||||
| inessive | -lemas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | -lemast | present | -lev | -eldav | |||||
| translative | -lemaks | past | -elnud | -eldud | |||||
| abessive | -lemata | negative | -lematu | — | |||||
Derived terms
Estonian terms suffixed with -lema
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