-ական

See also: ական

Armenian

Etymology

From Old Armenian -ական (-akan).

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ական • (-akan)

  1. forming adjectives; -ian, -al
    հորիզոնականhorizonakanhorizontal
    հայկականhaykakanArmenian
  2. forming personified nouns, with the meaning of a follower, profession or doer of something; -ist, -er
    ստալինականstalinakanStalinist
    վաճառականvačaṙakanmerchant
    թափառականtʻapʻaṙakanvagabond, vagrant
  3. forming distributive numerals when affixed to cardinal numbers
    մեկականmekakanone to each
    տասականtasakanten to each

Usage notes

The suffix is very productive.

Declension

Derived terms

Armenian terms suffixed with -ական

Old Armenian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Iranian *-(a)kan. Compare Middle Persian -kʾn' (-(a)gān), Persian گان (-gân).

Suffix

-ական • (-akan)

  1. forming adjectives from nouns; -ian, -al
    պարսիկparsika Persian
    պարսկականparskakanPersian
  2. forming personified nouns, with the meaning of a follower, profession or doer of something; -ist, -er
    փախուստpʻaxustflight, fleeing
    փախստականpʻaxstakanrefugee

Usage notes

The suffix was very productive.

Declension

Derived terms

Old Armenian terms suffixed with -ական
Old Armenian terms suffixed with -կան

Descendants

  • Armenian: -ական (-akan)

Further reading

  • Gočanean, Pōġos (2011) Dasakan grabari gorcnakan kʻerakanutʻiwn [Practical Grammar of Classical Old Armenian] (in Armenian), Vienna and Yerevan: Mekhitarist Press, page 64
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1998) “-(ա)կան”, in Hin hayereni verǰacancʻneri cagumə [The Origin of Old Armenian Suffixes] (Hayocʻ lezvi hamematakan kʻerakanutʻyan harcʻer; 2) (in Armenian), Yerevan: Anania Širakacʻi, pages 5–48
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