๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ
Prakrit
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit ๐๐พ๐ฅ๐๐ญ (gแนฬdhra). Cognate with Pali gaddha, giddha.
Declension
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddho) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhaแน) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhe) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ก (giddheแนa) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ก๐ (giddheแนaแน) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ณ๐บ (giddhehi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (giddhehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤo) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (giddhฤhi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (giddhฤhiแนto) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (giddhassa) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ก (giddhฤแนa) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ก๐ (giddhฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (giddhammi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhe) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (giddhesu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (giddhesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ (giddha) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) |
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (feminine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤo) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhaแน) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤo) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤe) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤa) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (giddhฤhi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐ (giddhฤhiแน) |
| Dative | โ | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤo) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤu) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (giddhฤhiแนto) |
| Genitive | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤe) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤa) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ก (giddhฤแนa) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ก๐ (giddhฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤe) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤa) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ผ (giddhฤsu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (giddhฤsuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhe) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤo) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) |
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhaแน) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐๐ (giddhฤiแน) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤi) |
| Accusative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhaแน) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐๐ (giddhฤiแน) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤi) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ก (giddheแนa) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ก๐ (giddheแนaแน) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ณ๐บ (giddhehi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (giddhehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤo) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (giddhฤhi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (giddhฤhiแนto) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (giddhassa) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ก (giddhฤแนa) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ก๐ (giddhฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (giddhammi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhe) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (giddhesu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (giddhesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ (giddha) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐๐ (giddhฤiแน) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤi) |
Noun
๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ (giddha) m (Devanagari เคเคฟเคฆเฅเคง, Kannada เฒเฒฟเฒฆเณเฒง) (Maharastri, Ardhamagadhi, Jain Maharastri, Magadhi, Sauraseni)
- vulture
- c. 1122 โ 1123, Devendra, Uttarฤdhyayana-Vแนtti II. Saแนaแนkumฤra, page 25, lines 16 โ 19:
- ๐ข๐ข๐๐ฃ ๐
๐ก๐ฒ๐ก๐ ๐๐ธ๐๐ก ๐ง๐ผ๐ฏ๐๐ฏ-๐ค๐บ๐ฒ๐ซ๐-๐
๐ค๐๐ฅ-๐ซ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ธ๐๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐บ๐, ๐๐ฏ๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ผ-๐ฏ๐บ ๐ค๐บ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ผ ๐
๐ค๐๐ฅ-๐ซ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ ๐
๐ค๐๐ฅ-๐ซ๐ธ๐ฒ๐
๐ข๐ ๐ง๐บ๐๐๐๐ป๐ ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ-๐๐ธ๐ฌ-๐ฒ๐บ๐ฏ๐-๐๐๐ณ๐บ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ข๐ ๐ง๐ป๐๐ ๐ฒ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐ ๐ฒ๐ณ๐บ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐ซ๐๐๐๐๐ธ๐ญ-๐ง๐ญ๐ ๐ซ๐ธ๐ญ๐บ๐๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ณ๐ซ๐๐ซ-๐๐ง๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐ค๐ ๐๐ธ๐- tattha aแนasaแนaแน kฤลซแนa puvva-disam-addha-mฤsaแน kฤussaggeแนa แนญhio, evaแน sesฤsu-vi disฤsu addha-mฤsaแน addha-mฤsaแน
tao piแนญแนญhฤซe giddha-kฤya-siv-ฤฤซhiแน khajjaแนto pฤซแธaแน sammaแน sahiya namลkkฤra-paro mฤriuแน sohamma-kappe iแนdo jฤo - Abstaining from food he remained there in the East for half a month in the kฤyotsarga posture and in the same way in the South, West etc., always for half a month.
Thereupon, his back being eaten away by vultures, crows, and jackals, and other animals he bore the pain properly; devoted entirely to worship, he died, went to the Sohamma heaven and became Indra.
- tattha aแนasaแนaแน kฤลซแนa puvva-disam-addha-mฤsaแน kฤussaggeแนa แนญhio, evaแน sesฤsu-vi disฤsu addha-mฤsaแน addha-mฤsaแน
- ๐ข๐ข๐๐ฃ ๐
๐ก๐ฒ๐ก๐ ๐๐ธ๐๐ก ๐ง๐ผ๐ฏ๐๐ฏ-๐ค๐บ๐ฒ๐ซ๐-๐
๐ค๐๐ฅ-๐ซ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ธ๐๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐บ๐, ๐๐ฏ๐ ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ผ-๐ฏ๐บ ๐ค๐บ๐ฒ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ผ ๐
๐ค๐๐ฅ-๐ซ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ ๐
๐ค๐๐ฅ-๐ซ๐ธ๐ฒ๐
Declension
| Magadhi declension of ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhe) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhaแน) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhe) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ก (giddheแนa) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ก๐ (giddheแนaแน) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ณ๐บ (giddhehi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (giddhehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ค๐ (giddhฤdo) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ข๐ (giddhatto) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (giddhฤhiแนto) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ค๐ผ (giddhฤdu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (giddhฤhi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ฐ๐ผ๐๐ข๐ (giddhaลuแนto) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ฐ๐ผ๐๐ข๐ (giddheลuแนto) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (giddhฤhiแนto) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (giddhฤhi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ณ๐บ (giddhehi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤo) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ข๐ (giddhatto) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ค๐ (giddhฤdo) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ค๐ผ (giddhฤdu) |
| Genitive | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ฐ๐๐ฐ (giddhaลลa) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ (giddhฤha) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ก๐ (giddhฤแนaแน) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐ (giddhฤhaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhe) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ซ๐๐ณ๐บ (giddhamhi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (giddhammi) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ฐ๐ผ (giddheลu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ฐ๐ผ๐ (giddheลuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ (giddha) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhe) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) |
| Maharastri declension of ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddho) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhaแน) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhe) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) |
| Instrumental | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ก (giddheแนa) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ก๐ (giddheแนaแน) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ณ๐บ (giddhehi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (giddhehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤo) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ (giddhฤu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (giddhฤhi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (giddhฤhiแนto) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (giddhassa) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ก (giddhฤแนa) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ๐ก๐ (giddhฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (giddhammi) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ (giddhe) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (giddhesu) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (giddhesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ (giddha) or ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) | ๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ธ (giddhฤ) |
Derived terms
- *๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ-๐ (*giddha-แธa)
- Marathi: เคเคฟเคงเคพเคก (gidhฤแธ)
- โ *๐๐บ๐ค๐๐ฅ-๐-๐ (*giddha-แธa-ka)
- Gujarati: เชเซเชงเชกเซเช (gฤซdhแธลฉ)
Descendants
- Gujarati: เชเซเชง (gฤซdh)
- Hindustani: giddh
- Hindi: เคเคฟเคฆเฅเคง
- Urdu: ฺฏูุฏฺูพ (giddh)
- Konkani: gฤซd
- Maithili:
- Devanagari script: เคเคฟเคฆเฅเคง (giddha), เคเฅเคง (gฤซdh)
- Tirhuta script: ๐๐ฑ๐ ๐๐ก (giddha), ๐๐ฒ๐ก (gฤซdha)
- Old Marathi:
- Devanagari script: เคเคฟเคง (gidha), เคเฅเคฆ (gฤซda), เคเฅเคง (gฤซdha)
- Modi script: ๐๐ฒ๐ (gฤซda), ๐๐ฒ๐ (gฤซdha)
- Odia: เฌเญเฌง (gidhรด)
Further reading
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928) โเคเคฟเคฆเฅเคงโ, in เคชเคพเคเค -เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ [Pฤia-Sadda-Mahaแนแนavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 294.
- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 53.
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakritโ, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 24.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ1985) โgลฬdhraโ, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 227
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