𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺

Prakrit

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀕𑁆𑀭𑀦𑁆𑀣𑀺 (granthí). Cognate with Pali gaṇṭhi.

Noun

𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺 (gaṃṭhi) f or m (Devanagari गंठि, Kannada ಗಂಠಿ) (Maharastri, Ardhamagadhi, Jain Maharastri, Jain Sauraseni)

knot, joint, bundle
- c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 351:
  𑀚𑀸𑀑 𑀲𑁄-𑀯𑀺 𑀯𑀺𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁄, 𑀫𑀏-𑀯𑀺 𑀳𑀲𑀺𑀊𑀡 𑀕𑀸𑀠𑀁 𑀉𑀯𑀊𑀠𑁄
  𑀧𑀠𑀫𑁄𑀲𑀭𑀺𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀡𑀺𑀅𑀁𑀲𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀁 𑀯𑀺𑀫𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀁𑀢𑁄
  jāo so-vi vilakkho, mae-vi hasiūṇa gāḍhaṃ uvaūḍho
  paḍhamosariassa ṇiaṃsaṇassa gaṃṭhiṃ vimaggaṃto
  2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
  He was embarrassed, but I laughed and gave him a hug
  When he groped for the knot of my skirt and found it already undone.

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺 (feminine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻 (gaṃṭhī)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀑 (gaṃṭhīo) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻 (gaṃṭhī)
Accusative	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀁 (gaṃṭhiṃ)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀑 (gaṃṭhīo) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻 (gaṃṭhī)
Instrumental	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀏 (gaṃṭhīe)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀳𑀺 (gaṃṭhīhi) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (gaṃṭhīhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀑 (gaṃṭhīo)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (gaṃṭhīhiṃto)
Genitive	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀏 (gaṃṭhīe)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀡 (gaṃṭhīṇa) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀡𑀁 (gaṃṭhīṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀏 (gaṃṭhīe)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀲𑀼 (gaṃṭhīsu) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (gaṃṭhīsuṃ)
Vocative	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺 (gaṃṭhi) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻 (gaṃṭhī)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀑 (gaṃṭhīo) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻 (gaṃṭhī)

Maharastri declension of 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻 (gaṃṭhī)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀡𑁄 (gaṃṭhiṇo) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻 (gaṃṭhī) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀑 (gaṃṭhīo) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀑 (gaṃṭhao) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀉 (gaṃṭhaü)
Accusative	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀁 (gaṃṭhiṃ)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀡𑁄 (gaṃṭhiṇo) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻 (gaṃṭhī) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀑 (gaṃṭhao)
Instrumental	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀡𑀸 (gaṃṭhiṇā)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀳𑀺 (gaṃṭhīhi) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁 (gaṃṭhīhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀑 (gaṃṭhīo) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀉 (gaṃṭhīu) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀡𑁄 (gaṃṭhiṇo) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (gaṃṭhīhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (gaṃṭhissa) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀡𑁄 (gaṃṭhiṇo)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀡 (gaṃṭhīṇa) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀡𑀁 (gaṃṭhīṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (gaṃṭhimmi)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀲𑀼 (gaṃṭhīsu) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻𑀲𑀼𑀁 (gaṃṭhīsuṃ)
Vocative	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺 (gaṃṭhi) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻 (gaṃṭhī)	𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺𑀡𑁄 (gaṃṭhiṇo) or 𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀻 (gaṃṭhī)

Derived terms

Terms inherited from *𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺-𑀅 (*gaṃṭhi-a) ~ *𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺-𑀕 (*gaṃṭhi-ga) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))

Western
- Marwari:
  Devanagari script: गंठौ (gaṇṭhau), गांठौ (gā̃ṭhau)
  
  Mahajani script: 𑅗𑅧𑅟𑅒 (gnṭhu)

Terms inherited from *𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺-𑀇𑀅 (*gaṃṭhi-ia) ~ *𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺-𑀇𑀕 (*gaṃṭhi-iga) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓- (-ika-))

Central:
- Eastern Hindi:
  - Bagheli: गाँठी (gā̃ṭhī)
- Western Hindi:
  - Braj: गाठी (gāṭhī)
  - Bundeli: गाँठी (gā̃ṭhī)

Terms inherited from *𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺-𑀟-𑀅 (*gaṃṭhi-ḍa-a) ~ *𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺-𑀟-𑀕 (*gaṃṭhi-ḍa-ga) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) and -𑀓- (-ka-))

Western:
- Gujarati: ગાંઠડો (gā̃ṭhḍo)
- Marwari:
  Devanagari script: गांठड़ौ (gā̃ṭhṛau)
  
  Mahajani script: 𑅗𑅧𑅟𑅲𑅒 (gnṭhṛu)
- Nimadi: गाठड़ो (gāṭhṛo)

Terms inherited from *𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺-𑀟-𑀇𑀅 (*gaṃṭhi-ḍa-ia) ~ *𑀕𑀁𑀞𑀺-𑀟-𑀇𑀕 (*gaṃṭhi-ḍa-iga) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) and -𑀇𑀓- (-ika-))

Central:
- Western Hindi:
  - Old Hindi: गाठरी (gāṭharī)
    - Hindustani: gaṭhrī
      Hindi: गठरी
      
      Urdu: گَٹْھرِی (gaṭhrī)
Northwestern:
- Sindhi: g̈aḍhiṛī
  Arabic script: ڳنڍِڙيِ
  
  Devanagari script: ॻढिड़ी
  
  Khudawadi script: 𑊽𑋋𑋡𑋊𑋢
Western:
- Gujarati: ગાંઠડી (gā̃ṭhḍī)
- Marwari:
  Devanagari script: गांठड़ी (gā̃ṭhṛī)
  
  Mahajani script: 𑅗𑅧𑅟𑅲𑅑 (gnṭhṛi)
- Nimadi: गाठड़ी (gāṭhṛī)

Descendants

Central:
- Eastern Hindi:
  - Chhattisgarhi: गांठ (gā̃ṭh)
- Western Hindi:
  - Old Hindi: गांठि (gā̃ṭhi)
    - Braj: गांठ (gā̃ṭh)
    - Bundeli: गांठ (gā̃ṭh), गाँठ (gā̃ṭh)
    - Hindustani: gā̃ṭh
      Hindi: गाँठ
      
      Urdu: گَان٘ٹْھ
      - → Garhwali: गाँठु (gā̃ṭhu), गाँठो (gā̃ṭho)
      - → Nepali: गाँठो (gā̃ṭho)
Eastern:
- Assamese: গাঁঠি (gãthi)
- Middle Bengali: গাঁটি (gãṭi), গাঁঠি (gãṭhi)
  - Bengali: গাঁট (gãṭ)
- Bihari:
  - Bhojpuri: gā̃ṭh
    Kaithi script: 𑂏𑂰𑂀𑂘
    
    Devanagari script: गाँठ
  - Magahi: 𑂏𑂵𑂀𑂘
  - Maithili: gā̃ṭh
    Devanagari script: गाँठ
    
    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒰𑒿𑒚
- Odia: ଗଣ୍ଠି (gôṇṭhi), ଗଏଁଠ୍ (gôẽṭh)
Northern:
- Central Pahari:
  - Garhwali: गाँठ (gā̃ṭh), गाँठि (gā̃ṭhi), ग्यऽड़
- Eastern Pahari:
  - Nepali: गानु (gānu), गानो (gāno)
- Western Pahari:
  - Dogri: gaṇḍh
    Devanagari script: गंढ
    
    Dogra script: 𑠌𑠷𑠗
Northwestern:
- Old Punjabi: ਗੰਠਿ (gaṇṭhi), ਗੰਢਿ (gaṇḍhi), ਗਾਠਿ (gāṭhi)
  - Punjabi: gaṇḍh
    Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਢ
    
    Shahmukhi script: گَنڈھ
- Saraiki:
  Devanagari script: गंढ, गन्ह, ॻंढ, ॻंढा
  
  Multani script: 𑊆𑊕𑊔 (gṇḍh), 𑊆𑊚𑊦 (gnh)
  
  Shahmukhi script: گَڈّْھ (gaḍḍh), گَنھہ (ganhh), ڳَنْڈھ (g̈anḍh), ڳَنْڈھا (g̈anḍhā)
- Sindhi: g̈aṇḍhi
  Arabic script: ڳَنڍِ
  
  Devanagari script: ॻंढि
  
  Khudawadi script: 𑊽𑋟𑋋𑋡
Southern:
- Insular:
  - Dhivehi: ގޮށް (goṣ̊)
  - Sinhalese: ගැටය (gæṭaya)
- Marathi-Konkani:
  - Konkani:
    Devanagari script: गांठ
    
    Latin script: gantth
  - Old Marathi:
    Devanagari script: गांटी (gāṃṭī), गाठि (gāṭhi), गांठि (gāṃṭhi), गांठी (gāṃṭhī)
    
    Modi script: 𑘐𑘰𑘽𑘘𑘲 (gāṃṭī), 𑘐𑘰𑘙𑘲 (gāṭhī), 𑘐𑘰𑘽𑘙𑘲 (gāṃṭhī)
    - Marathi: gāṭh
      Devanagari script: गाठ
      
      Modi script: 𑘐𑘰𑘙
    - Varhadi: gāṭh
      Devanagari script: गाठ
      
      Modi script: 𑘐𑘰𑘙
Western:
- Ahirani: गाट (gāṭ)
- Gojri: گَٹْھ (gaṭh)
- Gujarati: ગાંઠ (gā̃ṭh)
- Malvi: गाँठ (gā̃ṭh)
- Marwari:
  Devanagari script: गांठ (gā̃ṭh)
  
  Mahajani script: 𑅗𑅧𑅟 (gnṭh)

References

Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928) “गंठ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [Pāia-Sadda-Mahaṇṇavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 282.
Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 232.
Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 23.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “granthi”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

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