𐰞

Derived from Sogdian 𐼌 (δ, “lamed”), ultimately from Classical Syriac ܠ (“lamed”)

𐰞 (l¹)

1. A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /l/ with back vowels.

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “l¹”, in The Origin of Turkic Runic Alphabet, London, pages 69 and 74
• Tekin, Talât (1968) A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 27

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ạl- (“to take”). Cognate to Chuvash ил (il), Karakhanid آل (al, “to take”), Azerbaijani al, Turkish almak (“take, buy”), Uzbek olmoq, Bashkir алыу (alıw), Yakut ыл (ıl, “take”).

𐰞 (al-)

1. (transitive) to take, to buy
   • 8th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 58:

     𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰢:𐰇𐱅𐰃𐰤:𐰞𐰖𐰃𐰣:𐰴𐰭𐰢:𐰽𐰉𐰃𐰣:𐱃𐰃𐰭𐰞𐰖𐰃𐰣:𐱅𐰃𐰯:𐰚𐰠𐰢𐰃𐰾:𐱅𐰃𐰼

     ögüm:ötin:alayïn:qaŋïm:sabïn:tïŋlayïn:tép:kelmiš:tér

     He came back saying 'I will take my mother's advice (and) listen to my father's words', it says.

2. (transitive) to conquer, to capture
   • 8th century CE, Kültegin Inscription, N2:

     𐰴𐰺𐰞𐰸𐰆𐰍:𐰇𐰠𐰼𐱅𐰢𐰔:𐰞𐱃𐰢𐰔

     qarluqïɣ:ölürtümüz:altïmïz

     We killed the Karluks and conquered them.

• Tekin, Talât (1968) “al-”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 393
• Tekin, Talât (1993) “(a)l-”, in Irk Bitig: The Book of Omens, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 67
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “al-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 124-125
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ạl-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill