𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴

Old Persian

Etymology

Literally "Wolf-Land",[1] composed of 𐎺𐎼𐎣 (v-r-k /⁠vṛka⁠/, “wolf”) + *-na- (nominal suffix).

From Proto-Iranian *Wárkānah (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬁𐬥𐬀 (vəhrkāna) and Parthian 𐭅𐭓𐭊𐭍 (wrkn /⁠wurgān⁠/)).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /wr̩kaːna/

Proper noun

𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 (Vạrkāna)

  1. Gorgan; Vahrkana (old city)
  2. satrapy of Hyrcania

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 (gʿlgʾn /⁠Gurgān⁠/)
    • → Ancient Greek: Γουργάν (Gourgán)
    • Persian: گرگان (gorgân)
  • Middle Persian: 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭠𐭭 (ʿlʿcʾn /⁠Wiruz-ān⁠/)
  • → Elamite:
    Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈪𒅕𒋡𒀭 (mi-ir-ka₄-an /⁠Mirkan⁠/)[1]
  • → Ancient Greek: Ὑρκᾱνίᾱ (Hurkāníā)
    • Greek: Υρκανία (Yrkanía)
    • → Latin: Hyrcania

References
  • احدیان, م. (2010). Morphological survey of Hamedan's Toponyms. زبان و زبان‌شناسی, 6(12), 129-148.
  1. Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 77
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