𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁

Old Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Literally "dark-soiled land",[1] from *(h)uvāra- (“dark”) + *zmī- (“land”). Derived from an earlier form 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐎹 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-y /⁠ʰUvārazmī-⁠/), itself cognate with the East Iranian form *Xvārazmī- (C.f.Avestan 𐬓𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬰𐬆𐬨 (xᵛāirizəm, “Chorasmia”)). More at Khwarazm.

Proper noun

𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 (u-v-a-r-z-mi-i-š /ʰUvārazmiš/)

  1. Chorasmia

Derived terms

Descendants

(taking Old Persian as representative for all Old Iranian):

  • Middle Persian: (/⁠Xwārazm⁠/)
    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭥𐭥𐭦𐭬 (ḥwrzm)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwʾlcm)
    Pazend script: 𐬓𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬨 (xᵛārazm)
  • → Ancient Greek: Χορασμία (Khorasmía)
  • → Egyptian:
    Late Egyptian:
    M12rwAa18G20xAst
     (ḫꜣrwsꜣmj),[2][1]
    M12rwAa18mxAst
     (ḫꜣrwsꜣm)[3]
  • → Elamite:
    Achaemenid Elamite: 𒈠𒊏𒆜𒈪𒆜 (ma-ra-iš-mi-iš /⁠Maraišmiš⁠/), 𒈠𒊏𒄑𒈠 (ma-ra-iz-ma /⁠Maraizma⁠/)[1]
  • → Parthian: (/⁠Xwārazm⁠/)
    Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭇𐭅𐭓𐭆𐭌 (ḥwrzm)
    • → Old Armenian: Խվարեզմ (Xvarezm)

References
  1. Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN
  2. Jona Lendering, Susa, Statue of Darius, Subject R11, ch3rs3m' (OP. Uvârazmîy = Chorasmia), Livius.org
  3. Posener, Georges (1936) La première domination perse en Égypte: Recueil d’inscriptions hiéroglyphiques, page 184
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