πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *uberlagjanΔ…; cognate with Old English oferleΔ‹Δ‘an. By surface analysis, πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚- (ufar-) +β€Ž 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lagjan).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ufarˈlaΙ‘jan/, [ufarˈlaΙ£jan]

Verb

πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (ufarlagjan)

  1. (hapax, transitive) to lay upon, overlay
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, John 11:38b:
      π…πŒ°πƒπŒΏπŒ· 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ° πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° π…πŒ°πƒ πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚π‰.
      wasuh þan hulundi jah staina ufarlagida was ufarō.
      It was a cave, and a stone lay upon it. (KJV)
      (literally, β€œAnd there was a cave there, and it was overlaid above with a stone.”)

Conjugation
Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
ufarlagjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°
ufarlagja		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagida		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagjada
2nd singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒΉπƒ
ufarlagjis		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
ufarlagidΔ“s		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
ufarlagjaza
3rd singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
ufarlagjiΓΎ		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagida		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagjada
1st dual πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπ‰πƒ
ufarlagjōs		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
ufarlagidΔ“du		 β€”
2nd dual πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
ufarlagjats		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
ufarlagidΔ“duts		 β€”
1st plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
ufarlagjam		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
ufarlagidΔ“dum		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagjanda
2nd plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
ufarlagjiΓΎ		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
ufarlagidΔ“duΓΎ		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagjanda
3rd plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
ufarlagjand		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
ufarlagidΔ“dun		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
ufarlagjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjau		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagidΔ“djau		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjaidau
2nd singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
ufarlagjais		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
ufarlagidΔ“deis		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjaizau
3rd singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
ufarlagjai		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
ufarlagidΔ“di		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjaidau
1st dual πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
ufarlagjaiwa		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
ufarlagidΔ“deiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
ufarlagjaits		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
ufarlagidΔ“deits		 β€”
1st plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
ufarlagjaima		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
ufarlagidΔ“deima		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjaindau
2nd plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
ufarlagjaiΓΎ		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
ufarlagidΔ“deiΓΎ		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjaindau
3rd plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
ufarlagjaina		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
ufarlagidΔ“deina		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉ
ufarlagei
3rd singular πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjadau
2nd dual πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
ufarlagjats
2nd plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
ufarlagjiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
ufarlagjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
ufarlagjands		 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
ufarlagiΓΎs

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 78
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