𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

Either from 𐌳𐌿- (du-) +β€Ž *𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ginnan) (a Gothic formation) or inherited from Proto-Germanic *duginnanΔ…. There are no other Germanic cognates with the same prefix which could be used to support the Proto-Germanic verb of the second etymology, but the unprefixed verb of the first etymology (*ginnanΔ…) is not attested in any Germanic language (which all except Gothic have descendants of the prefixed form *biginnanΔ…, having the same meaning as this verb).

The element 𐌳𐌿 (du) is not attested in any other Germanic languages, probably being an archaic inheritance from Proto-Germanic that was lost early on in other Germanic languages. The archaic nature of the prefix might seem to point to a Proto-Germanic inheritance for this verb, but its clear productivity in Gothic renders this pointer uncertain.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /duˈɑinnan/, [duˈɣinnan]

Verb

𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 β€’ (duginnan)

  1. to begin

Conjugation

A variant spelling 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳 (duginnid) is attested for expected (and unattested) 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸 (duginniþ).

Class 3 strong
Infinitive 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽
duginnan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰
duginna		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌽
dugann		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰
duginnada
2nd singular πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒΉπƒ
duginnis		 πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½π„
dugannt		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌢𐌰
duginnaza
3rd singular 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸
duginniþ		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌽
dugann		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰
duginnada
1st dual πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½π‰πƒ
duginnōs		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿
dugunnu		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ
duginnats		 πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒΏπ„πƒ
dugunnuts		 β€”
1st plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌼
duginnam		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼
dugunnum		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
duginnanda
2nd plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸
duginniþ		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸
dugunnuþ		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
duginnanda
3rd plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳
duginnand		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌽
dugunnun		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
duginnanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌿
duginnau		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿
dugunnjau		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnaidau
2nd singular πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
duginnais		 πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
dugunneis		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌿
duginnaizau
3rd singular 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹
duginnai		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹
dugunni		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnaidau
1st dual πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
duginnaiwa		 πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
dugunneiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
duginnaits		 πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
dugunneits		 β€”
1st plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
duginnaima		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
dugunneima		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnaindau
2nd plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌸
duginnaiþ		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸
dugunneiþ		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnaindau
3rd plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰
duginnaina		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
dugunneina		 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnaindau
Imperative
2nd singular 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽
duginn
3rd singular 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnadau
2nd dual πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ
duginnats
2nd plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸
duginniΓΎ
3rd plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
duginnands		 πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
dugunnans
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