𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +β€Ž πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πƒ (gamains, β€œvulgar, unclean”) +β€Ž -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan)

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 β€’ (gagamainjan) (perfective)

  1. (hapax) to defile (make impure or dirty)
    • Mark 7:23:
      πŒΈπ‰ 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰 πŒΏπŒ±πŒΉπŒ»π‰πŒ½πŒ° πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΈπ‚π‰ πŒΏπƒπŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽.
      þō alla ubilōna innaþrō usgaggand jah gagamainjand mannan.
      All these evil things come from within, and defile the man.

Conjugation
Class 1 weak
Infinitive 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽
gagamainjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰
gagamainja		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌰
gagamainida		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰
gagamainjada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gagamaineis		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gagamainidΔ“s		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌢𐌰
gagamainjaza
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸
gagamaineiþ		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌰
gagamainida		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰
gagamainjada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπ‰πƒ
gagamainjōs		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿
gagamainidΔ“du		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gagamainjats		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gagamainidΔ“duts		 β€”
1st plural 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌼
gagamainjam		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼
gagamainidΔ“dum		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
gagamainjanda
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸
gagamaineiþ		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸
gagamainidΔ“duΓΎ		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
gagamainjanda
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳
gagamainjand		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽
gagamainidΔ“dun		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
gagamainjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿
gagamainjau		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿
gagamainidΔ“djau		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
gagamainjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gagamainjais		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gagamainidΔ“deis		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌿
gagamainjaizau
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹
gagamainjai		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹
gagamainidΔ“di		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
gagamainjaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gagamainjaiwa		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gagamainidΔ“deiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gagamainjaits		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gagamainidΔ“deits		 β€”
1st plural 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
gagamainjaima		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
gagamainidΔ“deima		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gagamainjaindau
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸
gagamainjaiþ		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸
gagamainidΔ“deiΓΎ		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gagamainjaindau
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰
gagamainjaina		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
gagamainidΔ“deina		 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gagamainjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹
gagamainei
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿
gagamainjadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gagamainjats
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸
gagamaineiΓΎ
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
gagamainjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gagamainjands		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gagamainiΓΎs

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 88
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