πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌱𐌹- (bi-) +β€Ž πƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½ (swaran).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /biˈswaran/

Verb

πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (biswaran)

  1. to adjure, charge
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 5:7b:
      πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ° 𐌸𐌿𐌺 𐌱𐌹 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰, 𐌽𐌹 πŒ±πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ πŒΌπŒΉπƒ!
      biswara ΓΎuk bi guda, ni balwjais mis!
      I adjure thee by God, that thou torment me not. (KJV)
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, 1 Thessalonians 5:27:
      πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ° πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ 𐌹𐌽 π†π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒΎπŒΉπŒ½ 𐌴𐌹 πŒΏπƒπƒπŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ 𐍃𐍉 πŒ°πŒΉπ€πŒΉπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄ 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ·πŒ°πŒΌ πŒ±π‚π‰πŒΈπ‚πŒΏπŒΌ.
      biswara izwis in fraujin ei ussiggwaidau sō aipistaulΔ“ allaim ΓΎaim weiham brōþrum.
      I charge you by the Lord that this epistle be read unto all the holy brethren. (KJV)

Conjugation
Class 6 strong
Infinitive πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½
biswaran
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°
biswara		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚
biswor		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
biswarada
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒΉπƒ
biswaris		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚π„
biswort		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
biswaraza
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒΈ
biswariΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚
biswor		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
biswarada
1st dual πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚π‰πƒ
biswarōs		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒΏ
bisworu		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°π„πƒ
biswarats		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒΏπ„πƒ
bisworuts		 β€”
1st plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΌ
biswaram		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒΏπŒΌ
bisworum		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biswaranda
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒΈ
biswariΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒΏπŒΈ
bisworuΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biswaranda
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
biswarand		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒΏπŒ½
bisworun		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biswaranda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΏ
biswarau		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
bisworjau		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biswaraidau
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
biswarais		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
bisworeis		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
biswaraizau
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉ
biswarai		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒΉ
biswori		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biswaraidau
1st dual πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
biswaraiwa		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
bisworeiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
biswaraits		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
bisworeits		 β€”
1st plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
biswaraima		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
bisworeima		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biswaraindau
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
biswaraiΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
bisworeiΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biswaraindau
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
biswaraina		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…π‰π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
bisworeina		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biswaraindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚
biswar
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biswaradau
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°π„πƒ
biswarats
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒΈ
biswariΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biswarandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
biswarands		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
biswarans

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 133
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