πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌱𐌹- (bi-) +β€Ž πŒ°πŒ±π‚πƒ (abrs, β€œsevere, extreme”) +β€Ž -𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-jan).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /biˈabrjan/

Verb

πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (biabrjan)

  1. to be astonished
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Matthew 7:28:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 π…πŒ°π‚πŒΈ, 𐌸𐌰𐌽 πŒΏπƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ· πŒΉπŒ΄πƒπŒΏπƒ πŒΈπ‰ π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ³πŒ°, πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½ πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πƒ 𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉ πŒΉπƒ.
      jah warΓΎ, ΓΎan ustauh iΔ“sus þō waurda, biabridΔ“dun manageins ana laiseinai is.
      And it came to pass, when Jesus had ended these sayings, the people were astonished at his doctrine: (KJV)

Conjugation
Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
biabrjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°
biabrja		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
biabrida		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
biabrjada
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
biabreis		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
biabridΔ“s		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
biabrjaza
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
biabreiΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
biabrida		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
biabrjada
1st dual πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπ‰πƒ
biabrjōs		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
biabridΔ“du		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
biabrjats		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
biabridΔ“duts		 β€”
1st plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
biabrjam		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
biabridΔ“dum		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biabrjanda
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
biabreiΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
biabridΔ“duΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biabrjanda
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
biabrjand		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
biabridΔ“dun		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
biabrjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjau		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
biabridΔ“djau		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjaidau
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
biabrjais		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
biabridΔ“deis		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjaizau
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
biabrjai		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
biabridΔ“di		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjaidau
1st dual πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
biabrjaiwa		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
biabridΔ“deiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
biabrjaits		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
biabridΔ“deits		 β€”
1st plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
biabrjaima		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
biabridΔ“deima		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjaindau
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
biabrjaiΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
biabridΔ“deiΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjaindau
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
biabrjaina		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
biabridΔ“deina		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒ΄πŒΉ
biabrei
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjadau
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
biabrjats
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
biabreiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
biabrjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
biabrjands		 πŒ±πŒΉπŒ°πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
biabriΓΎs

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 1
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