춥다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 칩다 (Yale: chipta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰup̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [춥따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | chupda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | chubda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ch'upta |
| Yale Romanization? | chwupta |
Adjective
춥다 • (chupda) (irregular, infinitive 추워, sequential 추우니)
- (usually, of weather) (to be) cold
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 춥다 (chupda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 춥다 chupda |
추워 chuwo |
추워요 chuwoyo |
춥습니다 chupseumnida |
| Past | 추웠다 chuwotda |
추웠어 chuwosseo |
추웠어요 chuwosseoyo |
추웠습니다 chuwotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 추우냐 chuunya |
추워 chuwo |
추워요 chuwoyo |
춥습니까 chupseumnikka |
| Past | 추웠냐 chuwonnya |
추웠어 chuwosseo |
추웠어요 chuwosseoyo |
추웠습니까 chuwotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 춥겠다 chupgetda | 춥겠어 chupgesseo | 춥겠어요 chupgesseoyo | 춥겠습니다 chupgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 추워 chuwo | 추워서 chuwoseo | 추우니 chuuni | 추우니까 chuunikka | |
| Contrast | 춥지만 chupjiman | 추운데 chuunde | 춥더니 chupdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 춥고 chupgo | ||||
| Condition | 추우면 chuumyeon | 추워야 chuwoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 추움 chuum | 춥기 chupgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 추웠음 chuwosseum | 추웠기 chuwotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 추운 chuun | |||
| Future | 추울 chuul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 추우시다 chuusida |
추우셔 chuusyeo |
추우세요, 추우셔요 chuuseyo, chuusyeoyo |
추우십니다 chuusimnida |
| Past | 추우셨다 chuusyeotda |
추우셨어 chuusyeosseo |
추우셨어요 chuusyeosseoyo |
추우셨습니다 chuusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 추우시냐 chuusinya |
추우셔 chuusyeo |
추우세요, 추우셔요 chuuseyo, chuusyeoyo |
추우십니까 chuusimnikka |
| Past | 추우셨냐 chuusyeonnya |
추우셨어 chuusyeosseo |
추우셨어요 chuusyeosseoyo |
추우셨습니까 chuusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 추우시겠다 chuusigetda | 추우시겠어 chuusigesseo | 추우시겠어요 chuusigesseoyo | 추우시겠습니다 chuusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 추우셔 chuusyeo | 추우셔서 chuusyeoseo | 추우시니 chuusini | 추우시니까 chuusinikka | |
| Contrast | 추우시지만 chuusijiman | 추우신데 chuusinde | 추우시더니 chuusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 추우시고 chuusigo | ||||
| Condition | 추우시면 chuusimyeon | 추우셔야 chuusyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 추우심 chuusim | 추우시기 chuusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 추우셨음 chuusyeosseum | 추우셨기 chuusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 추우신 chuusin | |||
| Future | 추우실 chuusil | ||||
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