짧다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 뎌르다 (Yale: tyeluta).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕ͈a̠ɭt͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [짤따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jjalda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jjalbda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tchalta |
| Yale Romanization? | ccalpta |
Adjective
짧다 • (jjalda) (infinitive 짧아, sequential 짧으니)
Usage notes
Mainly used to describe length. When referring to a person's height, 작다 (jakda, “small”) is used.
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 짧다 (jjalda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 짧다 jjalda |
짧아 jjalba |
짧아요 jjalbayo |
짧습니다 jjalseumnida |
| Past | 짧았다 jjalbatda |
짧았어 jjalbasseo |
짧았어요 jjalbasseoyo |
짧았습니다 jjalbatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 짧으냐 jjalbeunya |
짧아 jjalba |
짧아요 jjalbayo |
짧습니까 jjalseumnikka |
| Past | 짧았냐 jjalbannya |
짧았어 jjalbasseo |
짧았어요 jjalbasseoyo |
짧았습니까 jjalbatseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 짧겠다 jjalgetda | 짧겠어 jjalgesseo | 짧겠어요 jjalgesseoyo | 짧겠습니다 jjalgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 짧아 jjalba | 짧아서 jjalbaseo | 짧으니 jjalbeuni | 짧으니까 jjalbeunikka | |
| Contrast | 짧지만 jjaljiman | 짧은데 jjalbeunde | 짧더니 jjaldeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 짧고 jjalgo | ||||
| Condition | 짧으면 jjalbeumyeon | 짧아야 jjalbaya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 짧음 jjalbeum | 짧기 jjalgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 짧았음 jjalbasseum | 짧았기 jjalbatgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 짧은 jjalbeun | |||
| Future | 짧을 jjalbeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 짧으시다 jjalbeusida |
짧으셔 jjalbeusyeo |
짧으세요, 짧으셔요 jjalbeuseyo, jjalbeusyeoyo |
짧으십니다 jjalbeusimnida |
| Past | 짧으셨다 jjalbeusyeotda |
짧으셨어 jjalbeusyeosseo |
짧으셨어요 jjalbeusyeosseoyo |
짧으셨습니다 jjalbeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 짧으시냐 jjalbeusinya |
짧으셔 jjalbeusyeo |
짧으세요, 짧으셔요 jjalbeuseyo, jjalbeusyeoyo |
짧으십니까 jjalbeusimnikka |
| Past | 짧으셨냐 jjalbeusyeonnya |
짧으셨어 jjalbeusyeosseo |
짧으셨어요 jjalbeusyeosseoyo |
짧으셨습니까 jjalbeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 짧으시겠다 jjalbeusigetda | 짧으시겠어 jjalbeusigesseo | 짧으시겠어요 jjalbeusigesseoyo | 짧으시겠습니다 jjalbeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 짧으셔 jjalbeusyeo | 짧으셔서 jjalbeusyeoseo | 짧으시니 jjalbeusini | 짧으시니까 jjalbeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 짧으시지만 jjalbeusijiman | 짧으신데 jjalbeusinde | 짧으시더니 jjalbeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 짧으시고 jjalbeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 짧으시면 jjalbeusimyeon | 짧으셔야 jjalbeusyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 짧으심 jjalbeusim | 짧으시기 jjalbeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 짧으셨음 jjalbeusyeosseum | 짧으셨기 jjalbeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 짧으신 jjalbeusin | |||
| Future | 짧으실 jjalbeusil | ||||
Derived terms
- 짤따랗다 (jjalttarata)
- 짧아지다 (jjalbajida, “to get shorter, become shorter”)
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