존재하다
Korean
Etymology
존재(存在) (jonjae) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕo̞ɲd͡ʑɛɦa̠da̠] ~ [t͡ɕo̞ɲd͡ʑe̞ɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [존재하다/존제하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jonjaehada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jonjaehada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chonjaehada |
| Yale Romanization? | con.cayhata |
Verb
존재하다 • (jonjaehada) (infinitive 존재해 or 존재하여, sequential 존재하니)
- (intransitive) to exist
- 2018, Experts: Polio Could Again Spread Worldwide
- 그러나, 그와 다른 전문가들이 경고하는 바는, 만약 소아마비가 어디에서든 계속 존재한다면, 다시 한번 확산할 수도 있다는 것이다.
- Geureona, geu-wa dareun jeonmun'ga-deur-i gyeonggo-haneun ba-neun, manyak soamabi-ga eodi-eseo-deun gyesok jonjae-handamyeon, dasi hanbeon hwaksan-hal su-do it-daneun geos-ida.
- But, he and other experts warn, if polio continues to exist anywhere, it could once again spread.
- 2018, Experts: Polio Could Again Spread Worldwide
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 존재하다 (jonjaehada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 존재한다 jonjaehanda |
존재해 jonjaehae |
존재해요 jonjaehaeyo |
존재합니다 jonjaehamnida |
| Past | 존재했다 jonjaehaetda |
존재했어 jonjaehaesseo |
존재했어요 jonjaehaesseoyo |
존재했습니다 jonjaehaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 존재하느냐 jonjaehaneunya |
존재해 jonjaehae |
존재해요 jonjaehaeyo |
존재합니까 jonjaehamnikka |
| Past | 존재했느냐 jonjaehaenneunya |
존재했어 jonjaehaesseo |
존재했어요 jonjaehaesseoyo |
존재했습니까 jonjaehaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 존재하자 jonjaehaja | 존재해 jonjaehae | 존재해요 jonjaehaeyo | 존재하십시다 jonjaehasipsida | |
| Imperative | 존재해라, 존재하여라 jonjaehaera, jonjaehayeora | 존재해 jonjaehae | 존재해요 jonjaehaeyo | 존재합시오 jonjaehapsio | |
| Assertive | 존재하겠다 jonjaehagetda | 존재하겠어 jonjaehagesseo | 존재하겠어요 jonjaehagesseoyo | 존재하겠습니다 jonjaehagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 존재해 jonjaehae | 존재해서, 존재하여서 jonjaehaeseo, jonjaehayeoseo | 존재하니 jonjaehani | 존재하니까 jonjaehanikka | |
| Contrast | 존재하지만 jonjaehajiman | 존재하는데 jonjaehaneunde | 존재하더니 jonjaehadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 존재하고 jonjaehago | ||||
| Condition | 존재하면 jonjaehamyeon | 존재해야, 존재하여야 jonjaehaeya, jonjaehayeoya | |||
| Motive | 존재하려고 jonjaeharyeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 존재함 jonjaeham | 존재하기 jonjaehagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 존재했음, 존재하였음 jonjaehaesseum, jonjaehayeosseum | 존재했기, 존재하였기 jonjaehaetgi, jonjaehayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 존재한 jonjaehan | |||
| Present | 존재하는 jonjaehaneun | ||||
| Future | 존재할 jonjaehal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 존재하신다 jonjaehasinda |
존재하셔 jonjaehasyeo |
존재하세요, 존재하셔요 jonjaehaseyo, jonjaehasyeoyo |
존재하십니다 jonjaehasimnida |
| Past | 존재하셨다 jonjaehasyeotda |
존재하셨어 jonjaehasyeosseo |
존재하셨어요 jonjaehasyeosseoyo |
존재하셨습니다 jonjaehasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 존재하시느냐 jonjaehasineunya |
존재하셔 jonjaehasyeo |
존재하세요, 존재하셔요 jonjaehaseyo, jonjaehasyeoyo |
존재하십니까 jonjaehasimnikka |
| Past | 존재하셨느냐 jonjaehasyeonneunya |
존재하셨어 jonjaehasyeosseo |
존재하셨어요 jonjaehasyeosseoyo |
존재하셨습니까 jonjaehasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 존재하시라 jonjaehasira | 존재하셔 jonjaehasyeo | 존재하세요 jonjaehaseyo | 존재하십시오 jonjaehasipsio | |
| Assertive | 존재하시겠다 jonjaehasigetda | 존재하시겠어 jonjaehasigesseo | 존재하시겠어요 jonjaehasigesseoyo | 존재하시겠습니다 jonjaehasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 존재하셔 jonjaehasyeo | 존재하셔서 jonjaehasyeoseo | 존재하시니 jonjaehasini | 존재하시니까 jonjaehasinikka | |
| Contrast | 존재하시지만 jonjaehasijiman | 존재하시는데 jonjaehasineunde | 존재하시더니 jonjaehasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 존재하시고 jonjaehasigo | ||||
| Condition | 존재하시면 jonjaehasimyeon | 존재하셔야 jonjaehasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 존재하시려고 jonjaehasiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 존재하심 jonjaehasim | 존재하시기 jonjaehasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 존재하셨음 jonjaehasyeosseum | 존재하셨기 jonjaehasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 존재하신 jonjaehasin | |||
| Present | 존재하시는 jonjaehasineun | ||||
| Future | 존재하실 jonjaehasil | ||||
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