정직하다
Korean
Etymology
정직(正直) (jeongjik) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ɕɘ(ː)ŋd͡ʑikʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [정(ː)지카다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jeongjikhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jeongjighada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chŏngjikhada |
| Yale Romanization? | cēngcik.hata |
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 정직하다 (jeongjikhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 정직하다 jeongjikhada |
정직해 jeongjikhae |
정직해요 jeongjikhaeyo |
정직합니다 jeongjikhamnida |
| Past | 정직했다 jeongjikhaetda |
정직했어 jeongjikhaesseo |
정직했어요 jeongjikhaesseoyo |
정직했습니다 jeongjikhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 정직하냐 jeongjikhanya |
정직해 jeongjikhae |
정직해요 jeongjikhaeyo |
정직합니까 jeongjikhamnikka |
| Past | 정직했냐 jeongjikhaennya |
정직했어 jeongjikhaesseo |
정직했어요 jeongjikhaesseoyo |
정직했습니까 jeongjikhaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 정직하겠다 jeongjikhagetda | 정직하겠어 jeongjikhagesseo | 정직하겠어요 jeongjikhagesseoyo | 정직하겠습니다 jeongjikhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 정직해 jeongjikhae | 정직해서, 정직하여서 jeongjikhaeseo, jeongjikhayeoseo | 정직하니 jeongjikhani | 정직하니까 jeongjikhanikka | |
| Contrast | 정직하지만 jeongjikhajiman | 정직한데 jeongjikhande | 정직하더니 jeongjikhadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 정직하고 jeongjikhago | ||||
| Condition | 정직하면 jeongjikhamyeon | 정직해야, 정직하여야 jeongjikhaeya, jeongjikhayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 정직함 jeongjikham | 정직하기 jeongjikhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 정직했음, 정직하였음 jeongjikhaesseum, jeongjikhayeosseum | 정직했기, 정직하였기 jeongjikhaetgi, jeongjikhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 정직한 jeongjikhan | |||
| Future | 정직할 jeongjikhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 정직하시다 jeongjikhasida |
정직하셔 jeongjikhasyeo |
정직하세요, 정직하셔요 jeongjikhaseyo, jeongjikhasyeoyo |
정직하십니다 jeongjikhasimnida |
| Past | 정직하셨다 jeongjikhasyeotda |
정직하셨어 jeongjikhasyeosseo |
정직하셨어요 jeongjikhasyeosseoyo |
정직하셨습니다 jeongjikhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 정직하시냐 jeongjikhasinya |
정직하셔 jeongjikhasyeo |
정직하세요, 정직하셔요 jeongjikhaseyo, jeongjikhasyeoyo |
정직하십니까 jeongjikhasimnikka |
| Past | 정직하셨냐 jeongjikhasyeonnya |
정직하셨어 jeongjikhasyeosseo |
정직하셨어요 jeongjikhasyeosseoyo |
정직하셨습니까 jeongjikhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 정직하시겠다 jeongjikhasigetda | 정직하시겠어 jeongjikhasigesseo | 정직하시겠어요 jeongjikhasigesseoyo | 정직하시겠습니다 jeongjikhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 정직하셔 jeongjikhasyeo | 정직하셔서 jeongjikhasyeoseo | 정직하시니 jeongjikhasini | 정직하시니까 jeongjikhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 정직하시지만 jeongjikhasijiman | 정직하신데 jeongjikhasinde | 정직하시더니 jeongjikhasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 정직하시고 jeongjikhasigo | ||||
| Condition | 정직하시면 jeongjikhasimyeon | 정직하셔야 jeongjikhasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 정직하심 jeongjikhasim | 정직하시기 jeongjikhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 정직하셨음 jeongjikhasyeosseum | 정직하셨기 jeongjikhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 정직하신 jeongjikhasin | |||
| Future | 정직하실 jeongjikhasil | ||||
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