열없다

Korean

Etymology

Perhaps from 얼 (eol, “soul, spirit”) + 없다 (eopda, “without”).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈjɘ(ː)ɾʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
Phonetic hangul: [여(ː)럽따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	yeoreopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	yeol'eobsda
McCune–Reischauer^?	yŏrŏpta
Yale Romanization^?	yēl.epsta

Adjective

열없다 • (yeoreopda) (infinitive 열없어, sequential 열없으니)

awkward, shy
timid, cowardly

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 열없다 (yeoreopda): consonant-stem, 있/없(it/eop)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	열없다 yeoreopda	열없어 yeoreopseo	열없어요 yeoreopseoyo	열없습니다 yeoreopseumnida
Indicative	Past	열없었다 yeoreopseotda	열없었어 yeoreopseosseo	열없었어요 yeoreopseosseoyo	열없었습니다 yeoreopseotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	열없느냐 yeoreomneunya	열없어 yeoreopseo	열없어요 yeoreopseoyo	열없습니까 yeoreopseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	열없었느냐 yeoreopseonneunya	열없었어 yeoreopseosseo	열없었어요 yeoreopseosseoyo	열없었습니까 yeoreopseotseumnikka
Assertive		열없겠다 yeoreopgetda	열없겠어 yeoreopgesseo	열없겠어요 yeoreopgesseoyo	열없겠습니다 yeoreopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		열없어 yeoreopseo	열없어서 yeoreopseoseo	열없으니 yeoreopseuni	열없으니까 yeoreopseunikka
Contrast		열없지만 yeoreopjiman	열없는데 yeoreomneunde	열없더니 yeoreopdeoni
Conjunction		열없고 yeoreopgo
Condition		열없으면 yeoreopseumyeon	열없어야 yeoreopseoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		열없음 yeoreopseum	열없기 yeoreopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		열없었음 yeoreopseosseum	열없었기 yeoreopseotgi
Determiners	Present		열없는 yeoreomneun
Determiners	Future		열없을 yeoreopseul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	열없으시다 yeoreopseusida	열없으셔 yeoreopseusyeo	열없으세요, 열없으셔요 yeoreopseuseyo, yeoreopseusyeoyo	열없으십니다 yeoreopseusimnida
Indicative	Past	열없으셨다 yeoreopseusyeotda	열없으셨어 yeoreopseusyeosseo	열없으셨어요 yeoreopseusyeosseoyo	열없으셨습니다 yeoreopseusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	열없으시냐 yeoreopseusinya	열없으셔 yeoreopseusyeo	열없으세요, 열없으셔요 yeoreopseuseyo, yeoreopseusyeoyo	열없으십니까 yeoreopseusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	열없으셨냐 yeoreopseusyeonnya	열없으셨어 yeoreopseusyeosseo	열없으셨어요 yeoreopseusyeosseoyo	열없으셨습니까 yeoreopseusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		열없으시겠다 yeoreopseusigetda	열없으시겠어 yeoreopseusigesseo	열없으시겠어요 yeoreopseusigesseoyo	열없으시겠습니다 yeoreopseusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		열없으셔 yeoreopseusyeo	열없으셔서 yeoreopseusyeoseo	열없으시니 yeoreopseusini	열없으시니까 yeoreopseusinikka
Contrast		열없으시지만 yeoreopseusijiman	열없으신데 yeoreopseusinde	열없으시더니 yeoreopseusideoni
Conjunction		열없으시고 yeoreopseusigo
Condition		열없으시면 yeoreopseusimyeon	열없으셔야 yeoreopseusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		열없으심 yeoreopseusim	열없으시기 yeoreopseusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		열없으셨음 yeoreopseusyeosseum	열없으셨기 yeoreopseusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		열없으신 yeoreopseusin
Determiners	Future		열없으실 yeoreopseusil

Derived terms

열없쟁이 (yeoreopjaeng'i, “coward”)

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