어렵다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 어렵〮다〮 (Yale: èlyép-tá).

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ʌ̹ɾjʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
- (file)
Phonetic hangul: [어렵따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	eoryeopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	eolyeobda
McCune–Reischauer^?	ŏryŏpta
Yale Romanization^?	elyepta

Adjective

어렵다 • (eoryeopda) (irregular, infinitive 어려워, sequential 어려우니)

to be difficult, to be hard
Antonym: 쉽다 (swipda)

시험 이 어려웠니? ― siheom-i eoryeowonni? ― Was the examination difficult?
to be difficult, to be awkward, to be particular (e.g. a person's taste in food)
to be poor, to be suffering from poverty

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 어렵다 (eoryeopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	어렵다 eoryeopda	어려워 eoryeowo	어려워요 eoryeowoyo	어렵습니다 eoryeopseumnida
Indicative	Past	어려웠다 eoryeowotda	어려웠어 eoryeowosseo	어려웠어요 eoryeowosseoyo	어려웠습니다 eoryeowotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	어려우냐 eoryeounya	어려워 eoryeowo	어려워요 eoryeowoyo	어렵습니까 eoryeopseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	어려웠냐 eoryeowonnya	어려웠어 eoryeowosseo	어려웠어요 eoryeowosseoyo	어려웠습니까 eoryeowotseumnikka
Assertive		어렵겠다 eoryeopgetda	어렵겠어 eoryeopgesseo	어렵겠어요 eoryeopgesseoyo	어렵겠습니다 eoryeopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		어려워 eoryeowo	어려워서 eoryeowoseo	어려우니 eoryeouni	어려우니까 eoryeounikka
Contrast		어렵지만 eoryeopjiman	어려운데 eoryeounde	어렵더니 eoryeopdeoni
Conjunction		어렵고 eoryeopgo
Condition		어려우면 eoryeoumyeon	어려워야 eoryeowoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		어려움 eoryeoum	어렵기 eoryeopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		어려웠음 eoryeowosseum	어려웠기 eoryeowotgi
Determiners	Present		어려운 eoryeoun
Determiners	Future		어려울 eoryeoul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	어려우시다 eoryeousida	어려우셔 eoryeousyeo	어려우세요, 어려우셔요 eoryeouseyo, eoryeousyeoyo	어려우십니다 eoryeousimnida
Indicative	Past	어려우셨다 eoryeousyeotda	어려우셨어 eoryeousyeosseo	어려우셨어요 eoryeousyeosseoyo	어려우셨습니다 eoryeousyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	어려우시냐 eoryeousinya	어려우셔 eoryeousyeo	어려우세요, 어려우셔요 eoryeouseyo, eoryeousyeoyo	어려우십니까 eoryeousimnikka
Interrogative	Past	어려우셨냐 eoryeousyeonnya	어려우셨어 eoryeousyeosseo	어려우셨어요 eoryeousyeosseoyo	어려우셨습니까 eoryeousyeotseumnikka
Assertive		어려우시겠다 eoryeousigetda	어려우시겠어 eoryeousigesseo	어려우시겠어요 eoryeousigesseoyo	어려우시겠습니다 eoryeousigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		어려우셔 eoryeousyeo	어려우셔서 eoryeousyeoseo	어려우시니 eoryeousini	어려우시니까 eoryeousinikka
Contrast		어려우시지만 eoryeousijiman	어려우신데 eoryeousinde	어려우시더니 eoryeousideoni
Conjunction		어려우시고 eoryeousigo
Condition		어려우시면 eoryeousimyeon	어려우셔야 eoryeousyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		어려우심 eoryeousim	어려우시기 eoryeousigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		어려우셨음 eoryeousyeosseum	어려우셨기 eoryeousyeotgi
Determiners	Present		어려우신 eoryeousin
Determiners	Future		어려우실 eoryeousil

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