쉰
| ||||||||||
| 쉬쉭쉮쉯쉰쉱쉲 쉳쉴쉵쉶쉷쉸쉹 쉺쉻쉼쉽쉾쉿슀 슁슂슃슄슅슆슇 | |
| 쉐 ← | → 슈 |
|---|---|
Korean
| ← 40 | 50 | 60 → |
|---|---|---|
| 5 | ||
| Native isol.: 쉰 (swin) Native attr.: 쉰 (swin) Sino-Korean: 오십 (osip) Hanja: 五十 | ||
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 쉰〯 (Yale: swǔyn).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ʃʰɥi(ː)n] ~ [ʃʰy(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [쉰(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | swin |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | swin |
| McCune–Reischauer? | shwin |
| Yale Romanization? | swīn |
Usage notes
In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.
The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.
Native classifiers take native numerals.
- 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
- 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)
Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.
- 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
- 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
- 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)
Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.
For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.
- 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
- 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)
When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.
- 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
- 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)
While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.
Middle Korean
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sǔjn/